Cell specialization Flashcards
What is unique to a neuron cell?
The axon and the dendrites.
* The axon is where electrical impulses from the neuron travel away to be received by other neurons.
- The dendrites receive input from many other neurons and carry those signals to the cell body.
What is unique to a intestine cell?
The cell junctions and the microvilli.
- The cell junction recomposed of different junctional molecules, such as claudin and occludin, and regulate the paracellular permeability of water, ions, and macromolecules in adjacent cells.
- The microvilli play an important role in the digestion and absorption of intestinal contents by enlarging the absorbing surface approximately 25 times.
What is unique to a leaf cell?
The cell wall, the vacuole, and the chloroplasts.
- The cell wall provide structural strength and support, and also provide a semi-permeable surface for molecules to pass in and out of the cell
- The vacuole is crucial for growth and development and has a variety of functions, including storage and transport, intracellular environmental stability, and response to injury
- The chloroplast is the part of the cell that is in charge of photosynthesis, which is turning CO2, water and sunlight into ATP (usable energy) and oxygen. THIS PART IS ONLY FOUND IN PLANT CELLS!!
May show up on test: Formula for photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is unique to a root hair cell?
The cilia and the cell junctions.
- The cilia are thin, hair-like cell membrane extension and are specialized in structure and functions such as sensory perception and motility.
- The cell junction recomposed of different junctional molecules, such as claudin and occludin, and regulate the paracellular permeability of water, ions, and macromolecules in adjacent cells.
What is unique to a sperm cell?
A sperm cell has many mitochondria to release energy. The tip excretes enzymes to digest the egg cell membrane.
What is unique to a red blood cell?
Red blood cells have haemglobin, which is the chemical in red blood cells in which oxygen binds to be carried from the lungs to the rest of the body.
- Red blood cells don’t have a nucelus to allow more space for oxygen!
