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Brain & Behavior I > Parts & Functions of the Brain > Flashcards

Parts & Functions of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere

Main Parts

A
  • <!--StartFragment-->Grey matter (=cerebral cortex)
  • White matter
  • Basal Ganglia

<!--EndFragment-->

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2
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere

Location

A

Forebrain: Telencephalon

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3
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere

Inputs from

A

Thalamus

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4
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere

Outputs to

A
  • <!--StartFragment-->

Basal Ganglia

  • Brainstem
  • Spinal cord

<!--EndFragment-->

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5
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere

Main Functions

A
  • <!--StartFragment-->Perception
  • Conscious Awareness
  • Cognition
  • Voluntary Action

<!--EndFragment-->

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6
Q

Basal Ganglia (Nuclei)

Main Parts

A
  • <!--StartFragment-->

Caudate Nucleus

  • Putamen (together with Caudate Nucleus: Corpus Striatum)
  • Globus Pallidus

<!--EndFragment-->

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7
Q

Basal Ganglia (Nuclei)

Location

A

Forebrain: Telencephalon

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8
Q

Basal Ganglia (Nuclei)

Inputs from

A
  • Cortex
  • Substantia Nigra
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9
Q

Basal Ganglia (Nuclei)

Outputs to

A

<!--StartFragment-->

Cerebral Cortex (via Thalamus)

<!--EndFragment-->

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10
Q

Basal Ganglia (Nuclei)

Main Functions

A

<!--StartFragment-->

  • Integration of Movement and Posture
  • Initiation of Movement
  • Cognitive Processes (Loop involving Frontal Cortex)

<!--EndFragment-->

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11
Q

Thalamus

Main Parts

A

<!--StartFragment-->

Several Nucleii<!--EndFragment-->

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12
Q

Thalamus

Location

A

Forebrain: Diencephalon

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13
Q

Thalamus

Inputs from

A
  • <!--StartFragment-->Sensory Pathways (vision, audition, somatic sensation)
  • Motor Pathways
  • Reticular Activation System

<!--EndFragment-->

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14
Q

Thalamus

Outputs to

A

Cerebral cortex

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15
Q

Thalamus

Main Functions

A

Major “Relay”/Gateway to Cerebral Cortex

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16
Q

Limbic System

Main Parts

A
  1. <!--StartFragment-->

Olfactory pathways

  1. Amygdala
  2. Hippocampus
  3. Hypothalamus
  4. Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus
  5. Septum
  6. Fornix
  7. Prefrontal & Cingulate cortex

<!--EndFragment-->

17
Q

Limbic System

Location

A

Forebrain: <!--StartFragment-->Telencephalon & Diencephalon

<!--EndFragment-->

18
Q

Limbic System

Inputs from

19
Q

Limbic System

Outputs to

A
  • <!--StartFragment-->Hypothalamus to Pituitary Gland
  • Cortex

<!--EndFragment-->

20
Q

Limbic System

Main Functions

A

<!--StartFragment-->

Motivation, Emotion, Memory

Hypothalamus: Homeostasis (visceral/autonomic NS: e.g., temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, sugar level) & Basic drives (feeding, fighting, fleeing, mating, maternal).

<!--EndFragment-->

21
Q

Midbrain

Main Parts

A
  • <!--StartFragment-->Tectum (Superior & Inferior Colliculi)
  • Tegmentum (Substantia Nigra, Red Nucleus, Reticular Formation)

* Tectum & Tegmentum separted by cerebral aqueduct.

<!--EndFragment-->

22
Q

Midbrain

System Location

23
Q

Midbrain

Inputs from

A

Forebrain, spinal cord

24
Q

Midbrain

Outputs to

A

Forebrain, spinal cord

25
Midbrain Main Functions
* Visual Reflex (Superior Colliculi) * Auditori Reflex (Inferior Colliculi) * Voluntary Movements (Substantia Nigra, Red Nucleus) * Maintaining Consciousness and Controlling Arousal (Reticular Formation)
26
Pons Main Parts
Several nuclei
27
Pons System Location
Hindbrain: Metencephalon
28
Pons Inputs from
Tracts "bridge" to cerebellum and other CNS parts.
29
Pons Outputs to
Tracts "bridge" to cerebellum and other CNS parts.
30
Pons Main Functions
Important area of Synaptic Integration
31
Medulla Oblongata System Location
Hindbrain: Myencephalon
32
Medulla Oblongata Inputs from
Bridges between Forebrain and Spinal Cord. Note: Contains Ascending (sensory) tracts in dorsal portion and descending (motor) tracts in ventral portion. Cortico-spinal tract crosses from one side to the other).
33
Medulla Oblongata Outputs to
Bridges between Forebrain and Spinal Cord. ## Footnote Note: Contains Ascending (sensory) tracts in dorsal portion and descending (motor) tracts in ventral portion. Cortico-spinal tract crosses from one side to the other).
34
Medulla Oblongata Main Functions
1. Controls Functions essential to Life (Respiration, Heart Rate) 2. Reflexive Responses 3. Contains some Cranial Nerve Nuclei
35
Cerebellum Main Parts
* Right Cerebellar Hemisphere * Left Cerebellar Hemisphere * Vermis
36
Cerebellum System Location
Hindbrain: Metencephalon
37
Cerebellum Inputs from
* Fiber Types: 1) Climbing Fibres 2) Mossy Fibres * Inputs: Auditory, Visual, Vestibular, Somatosensory (e.g., spinocerebellar tracts)
38
Cerebellum Outputs to
* Fiber Types: 1) Purkinje Cells 2) Basket Cells * Outputs: Cerebral Cortex, Brain Stem Nucleii (but no direct descending tracts to spinal cord)
39
Cerebellum Main Functions
* Sensorimotor Functions * Movement and Posture * Some Types of Learning

Brain & Behavior I (7 decks)

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