Parties and Elections Flashcards

Question

NDP Ideological, Movement: Welfare liberalism

Answer 1

``` Positive liberalism Social welfare emphasis Govt intervention necessary for equality of opportunity Ensure fair competition Provide services direct ```

Answer 2

Equality of opportunity Heavy govt involvement in economy Govt Regulation and Ownership

Answer 3

Single issue activists: Environment, Feminism, Gay Rights etc

Answer 4

Separatism Fair Share for Quebec Nationalism Bouchard: Quebeckers “feel they form a nation, one that is primarily francophone, to which they pledge their primary loyalty” Rainbow coalition - Fiscal responsibility - Welfare liberals and socialists Good Government

Answer 5

Single issue Environment

Answer 6

Paul Martin called election “Fear of the Conservatives” vs. “loathing of the Liberals” Minority government Conservative campaign under Harper; unable to capitalize on weaknesses of Liberals “Multi-party confusion” NDP support temporarily up

Answer 7

November 2005: The Conservatives, NDP, and BQ and the Sponsorship Scandal Liberal leader Paul Martin, Gomery inquiry, and Liberal loss of the confidence vote held on November 28, 2005 Canadians (especially Quebeckers) upset with Liberal “corruption” Ontarians and city dwellers not wanting to vote for “redneck” Conservatives

Answer 8

Leadership

Answer 9

Environment (anti-environment in AB and SK) Equalization payments (ON) Arts funding (QC) Broken promise on equalization payments (NL) Afghanistan Crime Health care

Answer 10

Vote of confidence lost by Conservative government Government found to be in contempt of Parliament by the Speaker of the House of Commons

Answer 11

Crime and punishment (Cost of Conservative Crime Bill) Long gun registry Defence spending and policies Corporate tax cuts Environment (anti-environment in AB and SK) Political financing (subsidies to parties)

Answer 12

Desire for change Unhappiness with Conservative government Inability of Conservatives to scare voters away from alternatives Unsuccessful attempts of Conservatives to discredit Trudeau Collapse of NDP support Party moved too much to centre

Answer 13

``` Liberals: sunny ways Change Coming -Institutional reform -Deficit financing -Canada’s place in world restored ```

Answer 14

Abacus Data Two Elections Election 1: Is there an alternative to the Harper government Election 2: Which Opposition party can defeat government

Answer 15

A 1988 study indicates that campaigns do matter: opinions on issues change during the campaign debates. Party strategists and consultants monitor and revise strategy and tactics. Efforts often focus on geographical areas. Candidates make intense efforts at the local level. National campaigns tend to focus on the leader.

Answer 16

Regional and socio-economic factors are the most influential on voting patterns, followed by age and gender. Voter turnout is low among the poor. 25–30% of voters don't vote at the federal level.

Answer 17

Short-term factors include leadership, issues, the campaign, and the media. Long-term factors include socialization through family, class, religion, gender, ethnicity, and urban/rural. Regional support varies over time. French-speaking Canadians traditionally favoured the Liberal party; this changed in the 1984 and later elections (now Bloc and Conservatives, even NDP).

Answer 18

``` ROC Sex Residence Religion Origin Language Marital Status Education ``` NOT Income Social Class Quebec: age ethnicity

Answer 19

Age Cons best among older, worst among younger Religion - Cons better among non-Catholics - Better among those for whom Religion very impt Sex -Cons stronger among Men Born outside of Canada -Liberals much better with immigrant voters Language -Cons Anglo 50% Franco 23% Regional differences Urban Rural -Cons Rural, Libs better in major urban areas Class differences less obvious

Answer 20

``` Long term -Cleavages Class religion/ethnicity gender/age region/urban rural ``` Institutions -electoral rules

Answer 21

Campaign - Issues - Events - Leaders - Candidates/ Media Party -Leadership images

Answer 22

Ethnicity Religion Class Gender age Region Urban - Ideology - Party ID - --Candidate Evaluations - --Issue Evaluations - --Campaign Evaluations - -----Vote Decision

Answer 23

One party dominant Two Party Two and a half party Multi-Party polarised non polarised

Answer 24

``` Rise of Bureaucratic state Interest Group politics Federal provincial diplomacy Media Opinion Polling Globalization Volatile Electorate ```

Answer 25

Problem greater than 32 who didn’t vote in 2015 In 1988 75% of Canadians voted -Decline not general -Decline heaviest ---Youth --Poorly Educated Youth --Youth less interest and less informed than older Voter Replacement

Answer 26

``` Right Reunited? Bloc Quebecois a lasting feature? Brokerage approach more difficult? Liberal one party rule with interludes? Member selection of leaders? Increasing state regulation? Increasing representation of women? Evolving technology? Decline in participation? Electoral System change? ```

Answer 27

Elections are a legitimizing event for the state, government, parties, and politicians. Elections allow for peaceful changes of government. They are the only form of political participation for most Canadians.

Answer 28

Elections Canada administers elections. According to the Constitution, an election must be held every 5 years. The PM has some leeway unless defeated on a vote of confidence. Seats are determined by a formula that guarantees minimum representation and recognizes growth in population (“rep by pop”).

Answer 29

According to the Constitution, an election must be held every 5 years. The PM has some leeway unless defeated on a vote of confidence. Seats are determined by a formula that guarantees minimum representation and recognizes growth in population (“rep by pop”).

Answer 30

Rep by Pop Minimum Number of seats per province Constituency boundaries are very important. - In the 1997 census, changes led to the altering of all but 31 constituency boundaries; - the 2001 census expanded the HoC to 308 seats. - Alberta, BC and Ontario underrepresented Drawing of boundaries within provinces -Eliminate gerrymandering.

Answer 31

44 have unchanged 30 new seats

Answer 32

Polling stations are supervised by a deputy returning officer. Each candidate is allowed two scrutineers. Voters mark ballots privately. Recounts are automatically carried out in the case of a difference of less than 1/1000 of the ballots cast. New rules have reduced federal campaign time, added seats, and provided for a permanent voters list.

Answer 33

The franchise was restricted to (white) male property owners until 1918. In 1918, women (white) were granted the franchise federally. ``` Many still excluded by mid-century. The expansion of the franchise was slow and deliberate. 1948: Asian ancestry 1953: Inuit 1960: Status Indians (Some Aboriginals didn’t want the vote. Why?) 1975: 18 year olds 1988: Prison inmates 2000: Returning officers ```

Answer 34

Majoritarian - Single member plurality - -more votes than any other candidate - ----no majority required ``` first past the post Candidate A: 1196 Candidate B: 1195 Candidate C: 1191 Examples: UK, US, Canada ```

Answer 35

FTPT may distort principle of one person, one vote Victory goes to candidate with the most votes Often: not majority of the votes cast in a riding 41st Parliament: majority Conservative government with 40% of popular vote 42nd Parliament: majority Liberal government with 40% of popular vote Rare for majority govts to be supported by 50% or more Because of this, governments express will of a large minority Parties with limited voter support receive few seats Less than their vote would indicate

Answer 36

works with single-member districts, meaning geographically-defined districts that send one representative to a legislature

Answer 37

Creates majorities: stable govt makes alternation easier direct link between voter and member high hurdle for extremist parties

Answer 38

Wasted votes Majorities fabricated Denies representation to some parties emphasis on concentrated support rather than national

Answer 39

Preferential Voting Run-off Ballot PR Mixed

Answer 40

Party Registration Contribution Disclosure Contribution Limitation --ban on Union and Corporate Donations ``` Limited Expenses Restrictions on Advertising Tax credits Expense Reimbursement Per Vote Funding ```

Answer 41

Ultimately, elections are mostly funded by the taxpayers. Taxpayers used to pay directly for the election mechanism and subsidized parties and individual candidates ($1.85 per vote provided they reach a minimum level of support). This has been eliminated.

Answer 42

Ceiling on candidate spending Ceiling on party spending Disclosure of contributors’ identities Tax credit for contributors Public subsidy for serious candidates Public subsidy for major parties Phased out in 2014 Cost before phase out $30 million Allowance of around $2 per vote Maximum contribution $1,200 per person, corporation, or association (December 31, 2012)

Answer 43

Third parties are subject to election advertising expenses limits for general elections and by-elections 37 day election period is $150,000 of that amount no more than a base limit of $3000 can be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district the $3000 limit is also applicable to by-elections

Answer 44

75% of first $400 50% of next $350 33 1/3% up to $1275 Maximum Credit $650