Particles P3 Flashcards
Density =
Mass
———-
Volume
What do we use to measure density of an irregular shaped object?
Eureka can
Solid to liquid
Melting
Liquid to gas
Evaporation
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Characteristics of solids
-Particles in a regular arrangement and vibrate about fixed positions
-Cannot be compressed
Characteristics of liquids
-Particles have no regular arrangement and are able to move past each other
-Cannot be compressed
Characteristics of gases
-Particles are far apart, move randomly at high speeds (high energy)
-Can be compressed
To melt or evaporate a solid, energy is required to overcome…
Electrostatic forces of attraction between particles
What is internal energy?
The sum of Kinetic and Potential energy of all particles in a substance
Temperature stays _________ during a change of state
Constant
When there is a change of state, which internal energy store increases
Potential
When temperature rises, which internal energy store increases
Kinetic
What is Specific Latent Heat?
The energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance
Equation for latent heat/energy required =
Mass x specific latent heat
What is particle theory of gases
Gas pressure is a result of the particles colliding with the walls of the container, exerting a force outwards
By heating a gas, you increase the particles’ kinetic energy, meaning…
They collide more frequently AND with greater force: so there is an increase in pressure
(assuming volume stays constant)
Pressure and Volume are…
Inversely proportional. E.g. if one doubles, the other halves
If a gas is compressed at a constant temperature…
Pressure x Volume = Constant
To compress a gas you must…
Exert a force on it - do ‘work’ on the gas
Unit of pressure
Pa (Pascals)
