Energy P1 Flashcards
Kinetic energy equation
1/2 * mass * velocity2
Describe kinetic energy and give an example
The energy of a moving object.
Eg. Runners, buses,
Name all the energy stores (8)
Kinetic, thermal, chemical , elastic potential, magnetic, electrostatic, gravitational, nuclear
What is a Independent variable
The thing you change in an experiment
What is a Dependant variable
the variable being tested or measured during a scientific experiment
What is the control variable
What you keep the same
Change in gravitational potential energy equation
Mass *grav field strength (n/kg) *change in height
Elastic potential energy equation
1/2* spring constant (n/m) *extension2 (m)
Equation for power
Energy transferred/ time taken
Work done equation
Force * distance
Efficiency equations
Useful output energy/ total input energy *100
Or power output and power input
Define Specific heat capacity
energy required to raise the temp of 1kg of a substance by one degree Celsius (1°C)
Equation for thermal energy changes
mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change
Define conduction
Conduction is how thermal energy travels through solids
Define insulators
do not allow electrical current to flow through them easily.
2 things that could insulate a house
Loft insulation, double glazing,
2 Advantages and disadvantages of a nuclear power station
A-doesn’t release co2
D- non- renewable
A-very energy dense
D-risk of nuclear meltdown
What is biofuel?
Fuel taken from living or recently living things such as animal waste
What is wave energy - advantage and disadvantages
Waves make a floating generator go up and down to produce electricity
Kills fish
Zero emissions
Description of hydroelectricity and advantage and disadvantage
Can be generated when rain water collects down a reservoir to produce electricity
Con floods large areas , requires a specific area , loss of animal habitat
Pro renewable, power on demand
Explain how tidal barrage produces energy
A tidal barrage is a barrier built over a river mouth to make use of the kinetic energy in the moving water.
The barrage contains electricity generators, which are driven by the water rushing through tubes in the barrage.
Kinetic energy of the moving water electrical energy
What is geothermal? Adv and disadv
Water is pumped under the Earth and turns to steam using hot rocks
D- suitable sites are rare
A-0 emissions
What is chemical energy?
Energy stored in foods, fuels and cells/batteries
What is energy measured in?
Joules (J)
What is power measured in?
Watts (W)
Earths gravitational field strength
9.8 N/kg
Energy is always conserved, it cannot be…
Created or destroyed
What happens to an object’s gravitational potential energy store when its height decreases?
Eg. A rollercoaster going down a slope
It is transferred to Kinetic energy, so GPE is decreased
What is power?
The rate of energy transfer
What is meant by non-renewable/ finite energy sources? Two examples
Once it is used, it cannot be replaced. E.g. Fossil fuels, nuclear fuel
What are the 3 fossil fuels?
Coal, Oil and Gas
How are fossil fuels used to generate energy?
They are burned to produce heat, to produce steam that spins a turbine/generator
What are energy sources
Where we harness energy from in the world
What is meant by renewable/ infinite energy sources?
They can be replaced once used
What is meant by renewable/ infinite energy sources?
They can be replaced once used
Example of renewable energy sources (7)
Wind, Solar, Hydroelectric, Biofuels, Tidal, Wave, Geothermal
What is wind power
Wind has kinetic energy which turns turbines to produce power
What is solar power
Light from the sun produces electricity
