Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physics > Atomic Structure P4 > Flashcards

Atomic Structure P4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Ancient Greeks thought matter to be made of…

A

Invisible Particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

JJ Thomson created the…

A

Plum Pudding Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ernest Rutherford discovered that the…..by doing the…

A

Nucleus is small and positively charged……Alpha Particle Scattering Experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Niels Bohr discovered…

A

That electrons exist and orbit the nucleus in shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

James Chadwick determined that…

A

The nucleus must contain NEUTRONS as well as protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Radius of an atom =

A

1 x 10 -10m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Radius of a nucleus =

A

1 x 10-14m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mass number =

A

Protons + Neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atomic number =

A

Protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define isotope

A

The same element (Protons and Electrons) but with a different number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Relative charge of a proton

A

+1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Relative mass of a proton

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Relative charge of a neutron

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Relative mass of a neutron

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Relative charge of an electron

A

-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Relative mass of an electron

A

0 (very small)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gamma radiation is a

A

High energy electromagnetic wave that can be emitted by a nucleus but this not decay; the nucleus just has too much energy

18
Q

Why is nuclear radiation dangerous?

A

They can ionise other atoms/molecules, which can be dangerous

19
Q

Why is nuclear radiation dangerous?

A

They can ionise other atoms/molecules, which can be dangerous

20
Q

Alpha radiation is adding a helium nuclei, so ___ is taken away from the original mass number and ___ is taken away from the original atomic number

A

1) 4
2) 2

21
Q

During beta decay, the original mass number is unchanged but the the original atomic number has ___ added to it

A

1

22
Q

4 Types of background radiation (radiation in the atmosphere)

A

-Cosmic rays from space
-Radon Gas from rocks
-Nuclear Weapons
-Medical Equipment

23
Q

Mass of Alpha Radiation (Helium Nuclei)

A

4

24
Q

Ionising power of Alpha Radiation

A

High

25
Q

Penetrating ability of alpha radiation…. What stops it?

A

Low …. Stopped by paper/ a few cm of air

26
Q

Use of alpha radiation

A

Smoke detectors

27
Q

Mass of beta radiation (fast moving electron)

A

Basically 0

28
Q

Ionising power of beta radiation

A

Medium

29
Q

Penetrating ability of beta radiation…. What stops it?

A

Medium….. A few mm of Aluminium

30
Q

Use of beta radiation

A

Thickness gauge

31
Q

Mass of gamma radiation (high energy EM wave)

A

0

32
Q

Ionising power of gamma radiation

A

Low

33
Q

Penetrating ability of gamma radiation…What reduces intensity?

A

High…Reduced by concrete and lead

34
Q

Uses of gamma radiation

A

-Radiotherapy
-Gamma knife and sterilisation

35
Q

Radioactivity is the..

A

Rate of decay in a sample of radioactive material

36
Q

Unit of radioactivity

A

Bq (Becquerel)

37
Q

What is HALF-LIFE

A

The time it takes for the activity to halve

38
Q

What is nuclear fission?

A

The splitting of a heavier nucleus (like Uranium-235) into two ‘daughter’ nuclei, releasing energy (mainly kinetic/heat) that can be used to generate electricity

39
Q

Nuclear fission is INDUCED by a nucleus….

A

absorbing a neutron, making it more unstable

40
Q

Why is nuclear fission a chain reaction?

A

It also releases up to 3 more neutrons which go on to induce more nuclear fission and so on

41
Q

During nuclear fission and nuclear fission the total mass of particles…

A

Decreases because mass has been converted into energy

42
Q

Nuclear fusion is the…

A

Joining together of two lighter nuclei (such as hydrogen, into helium) releasing kinetic energy and EM radiation

Physics (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions