Particles And Radiation Flashcards

1
Q

4 fundamental forces

A
  • electromagnetic
  • gravitational
  • strong nuclear
    -weak nuclear
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2
Q

Exchange particle of electromagnetic force

A

Virtual photom

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3
Q

Exchange particle of gravitational force

A

Graviton

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4
Q

Exchange particle (boson) of strong nuclear force

A

Gluon (it only acts for a short amount of time due to a very short half-life, so only acts through small distances. However, when the protons are too close proton repulsion happens)

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5
Q

Exchange particle of weak nuclear force

A
  • W+ boson
  • W- boson
  • Z0 boson
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6
Q

Which forces can hadrons interact through

A

All 4 fundamental forces (can act through electromagnetic force if charged only)

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7
Q

Which forces can leptons act through

A

All fundamental forces, except strong nuclear, and only electromagnetic if charged

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of hadrons

A

Mesons and baryons

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9
Q

How many quarks in a meson

A

2 (quark antiquark)

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10
Q

How many quarks in a baryon

A

3

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11
Q

What mesons are there

A

π meson (pions):

π+, π-, π0

K meson (kaons):

K+, K-, K0

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12
Q

What are the types of baryons

A

P protons
n Neutrons
Σ Sigma

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13
Q

What are the types of leptons

A

e Electrons
Ve Electron Neutrino
µ- Muon
V µ Muon Neutrino

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14
Q

What is the only stable hadron

A

Proton

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15
Q

What is femto to the power of

A

10 to the power of -15

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16
Q

At what distances is the strong nuclear force repulsive/ attractive

A

-repulsive at separations up to 0.5fm
- then attractive up to a range of about 3fm.
- It has no effect after 3 fm

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17
Q

What are isotopes

A

Same number of protons, different number of neutrons

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18
Q

What does specific mean in physics

A

Per unit mass

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19
Q

What is an alpha particle

A

A helium nucleus

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20
Q

What is a beta particle

A

A fast moving electron

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21
Q

Electromagnetic repulsion

A
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22
Q

Electron capture/ electron proton collisions

23
Q

Beta minus decay

24
Q

Beta plus decay

25
Why are protons and neutrons not fundamental particles
They have quarks
26
What is a boson
An exchange particle
27
Muon decay
28
E=
Mc^2
29
Electron annihilation
30
Pair production
31
Kaon decay
32
What does the strong nuclear force act between
Hadrons
33
When is strangeness conserved
In a strong nuclear interaction
34
Why does diffraction of a particle change depending on its momentum
As momentum p = mv, a smaller momentum will result in a longer wavelength. The diffraction or spread of a wave passing through a slit depends on the wavelength- the longer the wavelength, the more the light spreads out.
35
What is threshold frequency
The minimum frequency of light required to equal the work function energy
36
Characteristic of a strange particle
Long lifetimes
37
Sigma particle qualities
Quark structure: uus Charge: +1 Strangeness: -1 Baryon number: +1
38
What particles are fundamental
Leptons
39
What is a fundamental particle
a subatomic particle that has no other particles attached to it
40
Quark structure of a sigma baryon
suu
41
Practical application of annihilation
in a PET scanner
42
Exchange particle def
An exchange particle is a particle which gives rise to the force between two particles by acting as a carrier between them
43
44
45
annihilation def
When a particle meets its corresponding antiparticle they both are destroyed and their mass is converted into energy in the form of two gamma-ray photons
46
pair production def
When a photon interacts with a nucleus or atom and the energy of the photon is used to create a particle–antiparticle pair
47
properties of antiparticles
Corresponding matter and antimatter particles have Opposite charges The same mass The same rest mass-energy
48
pair production diagram with nucleus
49
50
51
Why is there a value for maximum kinetic energy of an electron leaving a surface
52
Why are electrons emitted at discrete frequencies when they de-excite
53
What is stopping potential
As the electrons are charged, they must do work, e × Vs, to move through this potential. The electrons will stop if all their kinetic energy is used up doing work against the potential.