Particles And Radiation

Question 1

4 fundamental forces

Answer 1

• electromagnetic
• gravitational
• strong nuclear
  -weak nuclear

Question 2

Exchange particle of electromagnetic force

Answer 2

Virtual photom

Question 3

Exchange particle of gravitational force

Answer 3

Graviton

Question 4

Exchange particle (boson) of strong nuclear force

Answer 4

Gluon (it only acts for a short amount of time due to a very short half-life, so only acts through small distances. However, when the protons are too close proton repulsion happens)

Question 5

Exchange particle of weak nuclear force

Answer 5

• W+ boson
• W- boson
• Z0 boson

Question 6

Which forces can hadrons interact through

Answer 6

All 4 fundamental forces (can act through electromagnetic force if charged only)

Question 7

Which forces can leptons act through

Answer 7

All fundamental forces, except strong nuclear, and only electromagnetic if charged

Question 8

What are the 2 types of hadrons

Answer 8

Mesons and baryons

Question 9

How many quarks in a meson

Answer 9

2 (quark antiquark)

Question 10

How many quarks in a baryon

Answer 10

3

Question 11

What mesons are there

Answer 11

π meson (pions):

π+, π-, π0

K meson (kaons):

K+, K-, K0

Question 12

What are the types of baryons

Answer 12

P protons
n Neutrons
Σ Sigma

Question 13

What are the types of leptons

Answer 13

e Electrons
Ve Electron Neutrino
µ- Muon
V µ Muon Neutrino

Question 14

What is the only stable hadron

Answer 14

Proton

Question 15

What is femto to the power of

Answer 15

10 to the power of -15

Question 16

At what distances is the strong nuclear force repulsive/ attractive

Answer 16

-repulsive at separations up to 0.5fm
- then attractive up to a range of about 3fm.
- It has no effect after 3 fm

Question 17

What are isotopes

Answer 17

Same number of protons, different number of neutrons

Question 18

What does specific mean in physics

Answer 18

Per unit mass

Question 19

What is an alpha particle

Answer 19

A helium nucleus

Question 20

What is a beta particle

Answer 20

A fast moving electron

Question 21

Electromagnetic repulsion

Answer 21

Question 22

Electron capture/ electron proton collisions

Answer 22

Question 23

Beta minus decay

Answer 23

Question 24

Beta plus decay

Answer 24

Question 25

Why are protons and neutrons not fundamental particles

Answer 25

They have quarks

Question 26

What is a boson

Answer 26

An exchange particle

Question 27

Muon decay

Answer 27

Question 28

E=

Answer 28

Mc^2

Question 29

Electron annihilation

Answer 29

Question 30

Pair production

Answer 30

Question 31

Kaon decay

Answer 31

Question 32

What does the strong nuclear force act between

Answer 32

Hadrons

Question 33

When is strangeness conserved

Answer 33

In a strong nuclear interaction

Question 34

Why does diffraction of a particle change depending on its momentum

Answer 34

As momentum p = mv, a smaller momentum will result in a longer wavelength. The diffraction or spread of a wave passing through a slit depends on the wavelength- the longer the wavelength, the more the light spreads out.

Question 35

What is threshold frequency

Answer 35

The minimum frequency of light required to equal the work function energy

Question 36

Characteristic of a strange particle

Answer 36

Long lifetimes

Question 37

Sigma particle qualities

Answer 37

Quark structure: uus Charge: +1 Strangeness: -1 Baryon number: +1

Question 38

What particles are fundamental

Answer 38

Leptons

Question 39

What is a fundamental particle

Answer 39

a subatomic particle that has no other particles attached to it

Question 40

Quark structure of a sigma baryon

Answer 40

suu

Question 41

Practical application of annihilation

Answer 41

in a PET scanner

Question 42

Exchange particle def

Answer 42

An exchange particle is a particle which gives rise to the force between two particles by acting as a carrier between them

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

Answer 44

Question 45

annihilation def

Answer 45

When a particle meets its corresponding antiparticle they both are destroyed and their mass is converted into energy in the form of two gamma-ray photons

Question 46

pair production def

Answer 46

When a photon interacts with a nucleus or atom and the energy of the photon is used to create a particle–antiparticle pair

Question 47

properties of antiparticles

Answer 47

Corresponding matter and antimatter particles have Opposite charges The same mass The same rest mass-energy

Question 48

pair production diagram with nucleus

Answer 48

Question 49

Answer 49

Question 50

Answer 50

Question 51

Why is there a value for maximum kinetic energy of an electron leaving a surface

Answer 51

Question 52

Why are electrons emitted at discrete frequencies when they de-excite

Answer 52

Question 53

What is stopping potential

Answer 53

As the electrons are charged, they must do work, e × Vs, to move through this potential. The electrons will stop if all their kinetic energy is used up doing work against the potential.