Particles Flashcards
Topic
what is described by verb, “as for…” contrast
은/는
께서는 (honorific)
Subject
(what predicate is about)
Honorific form
이/가
-께서
Object
object of the verb, things verb is done to
-을/를
also
compare, parallel
-도
location (static location, to [destination])
on (time)
에
removed with 어디
location (active location, from)
에서
With 어디 —> 어디서
what about…?/how about…?
request listener to shift focus
-은요 / -는요
Up to (location/time)
까지
From (location/time)
부터
1) By means of
2) A choice among options (when something is chosen from many options, attached to chosen option)
(으)로
And (particle)
와 / 과
(이)랑
하고
but, although
- 지만
* both clauses must indicate the tense
To confirm with listener or seek agreement
-죠 (지요)
only
-만
Possessive (of)
Usually only when possessed or possessed refers to abstract (ie news of the day)
-의
pronounced -에
Replaces possessive object
Combined with possessive pronouns = ours, mine
-거(예요)
plural
-들
nothing but, only
nothing but, only (when amount less than speakers expectations)
- 밖에
- 밖에 + Negative (안)
as much/many as
indicate quantity more than speakers expectations
-(이)나
either, or
-거나
at the time of NOUN
N + 때
before noun/time
often used with nouns of 하다 verbs
Noun/Time + 전에
If…then
When…then
(Present and future)
-(으)면
With: V / Adj / N + (이)다
(ㄹ + 면, irregular ㄷ ㅂ converted)
between
-까리
Noun OR Noun
-(이)나
Shortened of 것
것 — 거
것이 — 게
것을 — 걸
것은 — 건
about
- 에 대해
Adjectives to Adverbs
Adj VS + -게
ex. 기쁘게 웃다
재미있게
every, each
N + 마다
ex. 사람마다 달라요.
polite form of noun
N + (이)요
Indicates Alternatives and Options (with verbs or adjectives)
Either A or B
A든지 + B든지
(Verb stem든지 하다)
ex. 내일 비가 오든지 눈이 오든지 합니다.
- a certain point when action is complete
2. a certain point when action is in progress
- 았/었을 때
- -을 때
가다/오다 difference in meaning more significant
“both…and…”
to talk about two things within one sentence with equal emphasis
(replaces subject or object particle)
N + -도 N + -도
“as…, while…”
- indicates two actions that occur simultaneously (verbs)
- indicates something has both properties (adj and 이다)
- acting agent of the sentence does both clasues, but the clauses oppose each other directly.
-(으)면서
if last letter ㄹ, add 면서
ex.
1. 저는 영화를 보면서 콜라를 마셨어요.
2. 오늘 날씨가 흐리면서 쌀쌀해요.
그 사람은 의사이면서 교수입니다.
3. 그 사안이 급하다고 하면서 그냥 앉아 있어요.
저는 아빠랑 같이 하키를 하면서 자랐어요.
- list or connect two clauses that have a similar idea
2. indicates two actions that occur simultaneously (not as common)
-(으)며
