Particles Flashcards
All substances are made up of tiny particles called………
Atoms
An element is a substance made up of only one type of _ _ _ _?
Atom
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
How are the particles (atoms) arranged in a solid?
They are tightly packed together in a regular arrangement. The particles can vibrate
How are the particles (atoms) arranged in a liquid?
They are arranged randomly. Particles are close together but have weaker bonds between them. The particles can slide over each other.
How are the particles (atoms) arranged in a gas?
Particles in a gas are in a very random arrangement. There are no bonds between the particles. The particles move freely and randomly.
Do particles (atoms) have energy?
Yes, they have their own kinetic energy.
Which states of matter cannot be compressed?
Solids and liquids
How does the change of state of solid to a liquid occur?
Melting
How does the change of state of liquid to a gas occur?
Evaporation
How does the change of state of gas to a liquid occur?
Condensation
How does the change of state of liquid to a solid occur?
Freezing
What is a melting point?
The point at which a substance melts is called it’s melting point.
What causes gas pressure?
It is caused by the force exerted by gas particles as they collide with the walls of their container.
What is the definition of diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
If you add more particles of air to a balloon how does this affect the gas pressure?
If there are more air particles there will be more frequent collisions with the walls of the balloon. Therefore the gas pressure will INCREASE.
On a hot day why does a balloon burst?
The air particles in the balloon gain more kinetic energy. The particles move faster and collide with the walls of the balloon more often. The balloon might burst due to the higher gas pressure.
Look at the melting and boiling points of ethanol in the table. What state of matter is ethanol at 1000oC?
Gas
Look at the melting and boiling points of Oxygen in the table. What state of matter is oxygen at -50oC?
Gas
Look at the melting and boiling points of water in the table. What state of matter is water at -12oC?
Solid
Look at the melting and boiling points of water in the table. What state of matter is water at 37oC?
Liquid
What happens to air molecules when the air is cold?
When the air is cold, the molecules are packed tightly together, making the air denser, and it begins to sink.
What happens to gas pressure when the temperature of a gas increases?
When the temperature increases, gas particles move faster, causing more frequent and forceful collisions, which increases the pressure.
What happens to gas pressure when the volume of a gas decreases?
When the volume decreases, gas particles are compressed into a smaller space, causing more frequent collisions and increasing the pressure.
How does the number of gas particles affect pressure?
If there are more gas particles in a fixed volume, the pressure increases because there are more collisions with the container walls.
What is meant by “atmospheric pressure”?
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the air in the Earth’s atmosphere on objects at sea level.
What happens to atmospheric pressure as you move higher up in the atmosphere?
Atmospheric pressure decreases as you go higher in the atmosphere because there is less air above you to exert pressure.
How does the pressure in a gas-filled balloon change when it is taken from a cold to a hot place?
The pressure inside the balloon increases as the gas particles move faster and collide more often when heated.
