Body Systems Flashcards
Define a tissue
A tissue is a group of similar cells carrying out the same function e.g. muscle cells make up muscle tissue
What is an organ?
An organ is made up of different tissues working together to perform a function e.g. the heart is an organ made up of different tissues.
What is the hierarchy of living things?
Cells –> tissue –> organ –> organ system –> organism
Give an example of an organ system.
- Digestive system
- Breathing system
- Circulatory system
- Reproductive system
Breathing in is also called ___________.
Inhalation
Breathing out is also called ____________.
Exhalation.
The % of oxygen is ___________ in inhaled air than in exhaled air.
Greater - this means there is more oxygen in inhaled air.
What is the scientific name for the ‘wind pipe’.
Trachea
When gases enter or leave the alveoli this is called ______ ____________.
Gas exchange
Describe the pathway of air from the nose.
Nose –> trachea –> bronchus –> bronchiole –> alveoli
Which gas needs to diffuse into the blood.
Oxygen
Which gas diffuses from the blood into the alveoli?
Carbon dioxide
Which gas makes up 78% of inhaled and exhaled air
Nitrogen
Describe the changes that happen when you inhale.
- Ribcage moves up and out
- Chest volume increases
- Pressure in chest decreases
- Diaphragm contracts and moves down
Describe the changes that happen when you exhale.
- Ribcage moves down and in
- Chest volume decreases
- Pressure in chest increases
- Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
What type of structure is the diaphragm.
The diaphragm is a large muscle.
Name 3 functions of the skeleton.
- Support
- Movement
- Protection
- Make blood cells
What part of the skeleton makes blood cells.
The bone marrow in the centre of the bones makes blood cells.
The average adult human has _______ bones.
206
Which bone protects the brain?
Skull.
Which bone protects the heart and lungs?
Rib cage
Which bone protects the spinal cord?
Verterbrae bones
Define a joint.
A joint is where two or more bones meet.
What is the function of cartilage in a joint?
Cartilage covers the ends of bones. It acts as a shock absorber and stops the bones from rubbing together and wearing away.
Which structure joins bone to bone.
Ligaments join bone to bone.
Which structure joints muscle to bone.
Tendons join muscles to bones.
What type of joint is present in the skull?
Fixed/fused joint.
What type of joint is present at the shoulder?
Ball & socket joint.
Muscles that act as pairs are called…
Antagonistic muscle pairs
Name the antagonistic muscles that work together to raise and lower your lower arm.
Biceps and triceps of the upper arm.
Describe how the biceps and triceps work together to RAISE your lower arm.
The biceps contracts and the triceps relaxes.
What is the name of the upper thigh bone?
Femur
Where is the humerus bone located?
In the upper arm.
What is the scientific name for the collar bone.
Clavicle
How do muscles cause movement.
Muscles pull on bones which pulls the bone towards the muscle.
The stomach, small intestine and large intestine make up which organ system?
Digestive system
The circulatory system is made up of 3 parts. What are they?
Blood, blood vessels and the heart.
