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Year 7 Science Flashcards Ms Lee > Cells, Microscope and movement > Flashcards

Cells, Microscope and movement Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of living things?

A
  1. Movement, 2. Respiration, 3. Sensitivity, 4. Growth, 5. Reproduction, 6. Excretion, 7. Nutrition
    Remember: MRS GREN
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2
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.

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3
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm is the site of chemical reactions.

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4
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

The mitochondria is the site of respiration.

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5
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

The chloroplast is in plant cells only. It is the site of photosynthesis.

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6
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It contains the DNA.

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7
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

The cell wall is the layer on the outside of the plant cell. It gives strength and support to the plant.

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8
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

The vacuole is found in plant cells only. It stores cell sap (food) for the plant.

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9
Q

Which part of the microscope do you look through?

A

The eyepiece lens.

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10
Q

Which part of the microscope do you place the glass slide on?

A

The stage.

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11
Q

Which objective lens should you use first?

A

The low power objective lens.

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12
Q

How do you calculate total magnification?

A

Multiply eyepiece lens x objective lens.

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13
Q

How is a nerve cell specialised?

A

It is long and thin to transmit messages.

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14
Q

How are red blood cells specialised?

A

They have no nucleus, so they can transport more oxygen. They are very small and disc shaped.

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15
Q

How are sperm cells specialised?

A

They have a streamlined head and a long tail. They have lots of mitochondria to release lots of energy. This allows them to ‘swim’ long distances.

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16
Q

How are root hair cells specialised?

A

They are long and have a large surface area. This means they can absorb lots of water and nutrients from the soil.
They are underground so they do not have any chloroplasts.

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17
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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18
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

A
  1. Increased temperature will give the particles more energy. This increases the rate of diffusion.
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19
Q

What is a unicellular organism?

A

A unicellular organism is an organism made up of only one cell.

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20
Q

Give an example of a unicellular organism.

A

Bacteria, amoeba, Euglena are all unicellular organisms.

21
Q

How do unicellular organisms reproduce?

A

They reproduce by binary fission.

22
Q

Which type of cell does not have a nucleus?

A

Red blood cell

23
Q

A sperm cell has a tail to help it swim. What is the scientific name for this tail?

A

Flagellum

24
Q

What substance is the plant cell wall made up of?

A

It is made of a carbohydrate called cellulose

25
Q

Where does respiration take place

A

The mitochondria

26
Q

What is the function of nerve cells?

A

Nerve cells transmit ‘messages’ to the brain and muscles.

27
Q

All cells that have a nucleus are also called…

A

Eukaryotic cells

28
Q

Cells that do not have a nucleus are also called…

A

Prokaryotic cells

29
Q

Name 2 differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.

A
  • A plant cell has a cell wall whereas animal cell does not.
  • A plant cell has chloroplast whereas an animal cell does not.
  • A plant cell has a large vacuole whereas an animal cell does not.
30
Q

What is the name of the piece of glass you put your specimen on when using a microscope?

A

Glass slide and then cover it with a cover slip

31
Q

What are the main functions of the skeleton?

A

The skeleton provides support, protection, movement, and makes blood cells.

32
Q

What is the scientific name for the collarbone?

A

The clavicle.

33
Q

What is the name of the long bone in the upper leg?

A

Femur

34
Q

Which bones are fixed/fused together to protect the brain?

A

Cranium

35
Q

What type of joint is found in the shoulder and hip?

A

A ball-and-socket joint.

36
Q

What type of joint is found in the elbow and knee?

A

A hinge joint.

37
Q

What is the role of cartilage in joints?

A

Cartilage reduces friction and acts as a cushion between bones.

38
Q

Name the two types of muscles in an antagonistic muscle pair.

A

The agonist (contracting muscle) and the antagonist (relaxing muscle).

39
Q

Give an example of an antagonistic muscle pair in the arm.

A

The biceps and triceps of the upper arm.

40
Q

How do muscles cause movement?

A

Muscles contract and pull on bones, which act as levers to create movement.

41
Q

What is the role of tendons?

A

Tendons attach muscles to bones.

42
Q

What is the smallest bone in the human body, and where is it located?

A

The stapes (stirrup) bone in the middle ear.

43
Q

What is a joint?

A

A joint is a place where two or more bones meet.

44
Q

How do ligaments help in joint movement?

A

Ligaments connect bones to each other and provide stability to joints.

45
Q

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?

A

Voluntary muscles are under conscious control (e.g., biceps), while involuntary muscles work automatically (e.g., heart).

46
Q

How do antagonistic muscle pairs work together?

A

When one muscle contracts (agonist), the other muscle relaxes (antagonist) to allow movement.

47
Q

What is the purpose of the ribcage?

A

The ribcage protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs.

48
Q

What substance is found inside bones and helps make blood cells?

A

Bone marrow.

Year 7 Science Flashcards Ms Lee (8 decks)

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