Particles

Question 1

もう

Answer 1

“Already”, “more”, “anymore”

Question 2

もう + Paste Tense Verb or Time

Answer 2

“Already….”

ex. もう食べましたか？ - did you eat already
もう九時です (It’s already 9 o’ clock)

Question 3

もう + number

Answer 3

• # moreex. もう一つください - one more please

Question 4

もう + Negative

Answer 4

“Won’t/not…anymore”

ex.もうかわいくない
(not cute anymore)

Question 5

まだ

Answer 5

“not yet”, “still”

Question 6

まだ + negative

Answer 6

• “didn’t/not __ yet” OR “still not/wasn’t __”
  ex. まだ可愛くないです - not cute yet

Question 7

Cost of~

Answer 7

~だい (sometimes)

Question 8

Event Location / Method Marker

Answer 8

で

Event Location:

二人はレストランで食べた (We ate at the restaurant)

Method Marker:
えんぴつで書いた (I wrote it with/using a pencil)

Question 9

と

Answer 9

1. Quote
2. Thought idea marker
3. “And”

Question 10

~たち

Answer 10

Group

ex. ashley たち = Ashley’s group, ashley and friends, you guys (with ashley as the leader)

Question 11

こ,そ,あ,ど - れ

Answer 11

これ: This (close to the speaker)
それ: That (close to the listener)
あれ: That over there (far from both)
どれ: Which one? (Used for 3+ items)

Question 12

こ,そ,あ,ど - こ

Answer 12

ここ: Here
そこ: There
あそこ: Over there (away from both)
どこ: where?

Question 13

こ,そ,あ,ど - んな

Answer 13

こんあ: This kind of
そんあ: That kind of
あんあ: That kind of
どんあ: What kind of…?

Question 14

こ,そ,あ,ど - の

Answer 14

この: This…
その: That…
あの: That…. (away from both people)
どの: Which…?

• must follow a noun

Question 15

こ,そ,あ,ど - っち

Answer 15

こっち - This One
そっち - That One
あっち - That One
どっち - Which One

Used when there are 2 items!
Ex. そっちの方がちかくてうつくしい
(That one is more closer and beautiful)

Question 16

でしょう Meanings

Answer 16

(Unsureness) Probably, Right?, Yeah?, Most Likely

Question 17

だろう

Answer 17

Translation: “pretty sure,” “right,”, “I believe,” “probably”

When to Use: when the speaker is sure about what they are saying
ex. 猫だった だろう –> It was probably a cat (maybe they have a photo of a shadow that looks like a cat)

Question form: using it as a question can be used to seek confirmation or information
- Confirmation ex. 食べた でしょう? –> “You ate it, didn’t you?”
- Information ex. いつ まり は 来る だろう –> I wonder when Mari is going to come (expecting someone to answer)

Question 18

Adding も after a counter

Answer 18

The speaker thinks that the amount is surprising, impressive, noteworthy.

Ex.
かれはタコスを七つも食べた: He ate seven tacos!!

Question 19

Noun Replacer

Answer 19

の

When to Use: When the noun of the topic has already been mentioned

Example:
A: “どんな車が好きですか”
B: “赤と青の”

A: “What type of cars do you like?”
B: “Red and blue ones”

Question 20

と As “When”

Answer 20

Usage: Strong Correlations/Repeated Actions

Format
1. Verbs/い-adjectives: + と
2. Nouns/な-adjectives: + だと

ex. 毎日に仕事からかえると、テニスをする (Every day when I get home from work, I play tennis)