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Particles Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

0.0005

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2
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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3
Q

What is the symbol for atomic number?

A

Z

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4
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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5
Q

What is specific charge?

A

Charge / mass

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6
Q

At what distance does the strong force become attractive?

A

Distances greater than 0.5fm. Less than this and the strong force is repulsive.

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7
Q

In what type of nuclei does alpha emission occur and why?

A

Very big nuclei due to the nucleus being too massive for the strong force to keep it stable.

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8
Q

In what type of nuclei does beta minus emission occur and why?

A

Neutron-rich nuclei, occurs due to there needing to be more protons.

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9
Q

What is pair production?

A

When one photon has enough energy to produce a particle-antiparticle pair.

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10
Q

What is the unit of the Planck constant, h?

A

Joules, J

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11
Q

What is annihilation?

A

When a particle and it’s antiparticle come together, converting all the mass into energy in the form of a photon.

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12
Q

What is the gauge boson for electromagnetic interaction?

A

Virtual photon (γ)

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13
Q

What is the gauge boson for the weak interaction?

A

W+ or W-

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14
Q

What is the gauge boson for the strong interaction?

A

Pions (π+, π-, π0)

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15
Q

How are the mass of the gauge boson and the range of the force related?

A

The larger the mass of the gauge boson, the shorter the range of the force.

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16
Q

Which type of particle can feel the strong nuclear force?

A

Hadrons

17
Q

When is strangeness conserved and not conserved?

A

Conserved in the strong interaction but not in the weak interaction.

18
Q

What is the only relevant strange particle?

A

Kaon

19
Q

What is the quark substructure of a proton?

A

uud

20
Q

What is the quark substructure of a neutron?

A

udd

21
Q

What is the quark substructure of baryons?

A

Three quark substructure.

22
Q

What is the quark substructure of mesons?

A

Quark-antiquark substructure

23
Q

What does the weak interaction do to quarks?

A

Changes their type. e.g. neutron to proton = udd to uud.

24
Q

What is special about lepton conservation?

A

Each type of lepton is conserved separately.

Physics (14 decks)

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