Circular motion and simple harmonic motion Flashcards
What is the equation for angular speed in a given angle?
ω = θ/t where ω is angular momentum, θ is the angle turned per unit time, t.
In SHM, what is the displacement?
The distance from the midpoint.
In SHM, what is the restoring force?
The force pulling or pushing the object back towards the midpoint.
In SHM, how is the displacement and restoring force linked?
They are directly proportional.
In SHM, other than the restoring force, what is displacement directly proportional to?
Acceleration towards the midpoint.
Where does an object in SHM have zero potential energy and maximum kinetic energy?
At the midpoint.
Where does an object in SHM have zero kinetic energy and maximum potential energy?
At maximum displacement.
In SHM, what is mechanical energy and how does it change?
The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the object. This remains constant.
What does ω mean in circular motion?
Angular speed
What does ω mean in SHM?
Angular frequency
What does x mean in SHM equations?
Displacement
In the SHM equations, what does A mean?
Maximum displacement.
In the SHM equations, what does a mean?
Acceleration
What condition is necessary for and object to be moving with SHM?
Acceleration must be directly proportional to displacement from the midpoint and directed towards the midpoint. a ∝ -x
What is the equation for force on a spring?
F = -kx where F is force, k is the spring constant (stiffness) and x is the displacement.
What is resonant frequency?
The natural frequency at which a system in SHM will vibrate.
When does resonance occur?
When the driving frequency is equal to the resonant frequency of an object in SHM.
What happens when a system in SHM begins to resonate?
It will vibrate with rapidly increasing amplitude.
In SHM, what is damping?
When energy is lost to the surroundings so the amplitude of vibration decreases.
What is free vibration?
When there is no transfer of energy to the surroundings; there is no external force causing the motion.
What is forced vibration?
When there is an external driving force acting on the system.
What is critical damping?
When an oscillating system is returned to equilibrium as quickly as possible.
In circular motion, in which direction does the acceleration act?
Towards the centre of the circle.
