Particle Physics Flashcards
1
Q
What are some Leptons?
A
- Electrons
- Muons
- Tau
- Neutrino variants
2
Q
What are some hadrons?
A
- Baryons - made up of 3 quarks
- Mesons - made up of a pair of antimatter and matter quarks.
3
Q
What forces do hadrons and quarks experience?
A
- Electromagnetism
- Gravity
- Weak nuclear force
- Strong nuclear force
4
Q
What forces do leptons experience?
A
- Electromagnetism
- Gravity
- Weak nuclear force
5
Q
What happened in the gold leaf experiment?
A
- Most alpha particles went straight gold leaf - shows atom is mostly empty space.
- Very small number of alpha particles were repelled through angles more than 90 degrees ~ 1/8000 alpha particles. Showed that the nucleus was tiny with a net positive charge.
- Size of nucleus is around 10^-14m
6
Q
Properties of the strong nuclear force?
A
- Repulsive at 0.5x10^-15 m
- Attractive at > 0.5x10^-15 m
- Short range of 3x10^-15 m
7
Q
Weak nuclear force?
A
- Neither repulsive or attractive
- Short ranged ~ 10^-16m
8
Q
What is an isotope?
A
- Element that has same amount of protons and electrons but different amount of neutrons.
9
Q
What is the density of a nucleus?
A
p = m/v
p = (An x mn) / 4/3 pi r^3
mn = mass of singular nucleon
An = atomic number
10
Q
What can different radiation types penetrate?
A
Alpha - cannot penetrate paper
Beta - cannot penetrate aluminium
Gamma - can penetrate lead but cannot penetrate concrete.
