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P 1,2 > Particle Classification > Flashcards

Particle Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two groups of particles?

A

• Hadrons
• Leptons
Grouped based upon whether or not they interact through strong interaction

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2
Q

What are Hadrons?

A

Particles and antiparticles that interact through the strong interaction ( particles that feel strong nuclear force ).

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3
Q

What force holds protons together?

A

Strong nuclear force.

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4
Q

What are Hadrons made up of?

A

Quarks and Anti-Quarks

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5
Q

What are the two types of Hadron?

A
  • Baryons( and anti-baryons )

* Mesons

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6
Q

What are leptons?

A

• Fundamental Particles and antiparticles that do not interact through strong interaction ( they do not feel strong nuclear force ).

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7
Q

How do leptons interact?

A
  • Weak interaction
  • Gravitational Interaction
  • Electromagnetic Interaction, if they are charged.
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8
Q

How do Hadrons interact?

A

All four fundamental interactions.
• Strong Interaction
• Electromagnetic interaction if charged.

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9
Q

How do Hadrons decay?

A

• Weak Interaction

The proton does not decay because it is stable.

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10
Q

What is the energy of particles that collide?

A

Total energy of the particles & antiparticles before collision = rest energy + kinetic energy

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11
Q

What is the formula for the energy of new particles after collision?

A

New particles and antiparticle energy after the collision = rest energy + kinetic energy

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12
Q

how do baryons and mesons differ in terms of their decay?

A
  • Baryons are protons and other Hadrons that decay into protons
  • Mesons are Hadrons that do not include protons in their decay products.
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13
Q

What are baryons?

A

• Baryons are protons and other Hadrons that decay into protons

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14
Q

What are Mesons?

A

• Mesons are Hadrons that do not include protons in their decay products.

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15
Q

What type of particle are protons and neutrons?

A

Baryons

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16
Q

What do all baryons decay into?

A

Protons.

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17
Q

What is the only stable baryon?

A

Proton

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18
Q

What type of particles are the antiparticles of protons and neutrons?

A

Anti-protons and anti-neutrons are the antiparticles of protons and neutrons.
These particles are anti-baryons.

19
Q

Why do you not find antiparticles in normal matter?

A

Antiparticles are annihilated when they meet their corresponding particles, thus you cannot find them in normal matter.

20
Q

What is the baryon number?

A

The number of baryons.

21
Q

What does it mean for the baryon number to be a quantum number?

A

It can only take a certain set of values.

22
Q

What happens to the baryon number in an interaction?

A

It is conserved, the total baryon number in any particle interaction never changes

23
Q

What happens to neutrons in beta decay?

A

They change into protons.

24
Q

What interaction is beta decay caused by?

A

Weak interaction.

25
Q

What happens when a neutron decays?

A

Forms:
• Proton
• Electron
• Anti-neutrino

26
Q

Why do electrons and anti-neutrinos have a baryon number of zero?

A

They are not baryons.

27
Q

What is a common feature shared among mesons?

A
  • They are all unstable

* Have a baryon number of 0.

28
Q

How do mesons interact with baryons?

A

Via the strong force.

29
Q

What are some mesons?

A
  • Kaons

* Pions

30
Q

How do leptons interact with other particles?

A

Via weak interaction

31
Q

What are the different leptons?

A
  • Muon

* Electron

32
Q

What do Muons decay into?

A

Ordinary electrons.

33
Q

What are the two types of neutrino for leptons?

A
  • Muon-neutrino

* Electron-neutrino

34
Q

What are neutrinos?

A

Particles with zero or almost zero mass, and zero electric charge.

35
Q

How do leptons become other leptons?

A

Through weak interaction.

36
Q

How are leptons produced/annihilated?

A

Particle-antiparticle interactions

37
Q

What is the lepton number?

A
  • Number of leptons, each lepton has a number of +1.
  • There are two types of lepton numbers, electron and muon.
  • These different lepton numbers must be counted separately.
38
Q

What happens in an interaction between a lepton and a Hadron?

A
  • A neutrino or anti-neutrino can change into or from a corresponding charged lepton.
  • An electron neutrino can therefore interact with a neutron to produce a proton and an electron.
  • An electron neutrino and a neutron can not change into an anti-proton and a positron.
39
Q

Why can an electron neutrino and a neutron not change into an anti-proton and a positron?

A

The lepton number is not conserved:
Ve + n > (anti)P + e+
Lepton number of +1 in the left, Lepton number of -1 on the right, no conservation.

40
Q

What is a rule for all lepton interactions?

A

Both types of lepton number must be conserved in any change.

41
Q

What is the lepton number for anti-leptons?

A

-1

42
Q

What is the lepton number for leptons?

A

+1

43
Q

What is the lepton number for non leptons?

A

0

P 1,2 (26 decks)

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