Participe Présent / Gérondif Flashcards

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1
Q

What is le participe présent?

A

The participe présent is a verb form that ends with -ant and is similar to the english ending -ing.

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2
Q

When to use the participe présent

A

→ As an adjective, the present participle expresses a state or quality. When used in this way, it is called adjectif and must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes.

→ As a verb, the present participle is similar to -ing; it expresses an action that is on progress at the moment or is happening parallel to another. It does not change in gender and number to agree.

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3
Q

How to form the Participe Présent

A

Take the nous form of the verb in present tense and replace the -ons ending wiht -ant.

Examples:
aimer – nous aimons – aimant
finir – nous finissons – finissant
dormir – nous dormons – dormant
vendre – nous vendons – vendant
Irregular present participles...
There are three verbs that have irregular present participles:
avoir – ayant
être – étant
savoir – sachant

Note: Some verbs have a different participe présent than their adjectif form.

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4
Q

The participe présent instead of a relative clause

A

The present participle can replace a relative clause. The present participle does not agree in gender or number

Max, ayant le ballon devant lui, court vers l’autre bout du terrain. (Max, having the ball in front of him, runs to the other end of the pitch.)
= Max, qui a le ballon devant lui, court vers l’autre bout du terrain.

Les spectateurs criant dans les tribunes encouragent les joueurs. (Fans shouting in the stands cheer on the players)
= Les spectateurs qui crient dans les tribunes encouragent les joueurs.

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5
Q

The participe présent instead of an adverbial clause

A

Adverbial clauses (les propositions subordonnées circonstancielles) are subordinate clauses that act as adverbs. They are introduced by a conjunction and are usually conjugated in either the indicative or subjunctive.

Time clauses:
Apercevant une faille dans les défenses de l’adversaire, Max marque un but. (Seeing a gap in his opponent’s defense, Max scores a goal.)
[Apercevant]
= Au moment où il aperçoit une faille dans les défenses de l’adversaire, Max marque un but.

Clauses that express a reason or a cause:
Voulant marquer un but, Max s’est concentré sur le ballon. (Hoping to score a goal, Max concentrates on the ball)
[Voulant]
= Comme il voulait marquer un but, Max s’est concentré sur le ballon.

Clauses the express a result or a consequence:
Max a marqué un but, assurant ainsi la victoire à son équipe. (Max scored a goal, securing the win for his team.)
[Assurant]
= Max a marqué un but, de sorte qu’il a assuré la victoire à son équipe.

Conditional clauses:
S’entraînant plus régulièrement, l’équipe adverse pourrait gagner le prochain match. (If they trained more regularly, the opposing team could win the next match.)
[S’entraînant]
= Si elle s’entraînait plus régulièrement, l’équipe adverse pourrait gagner le prochain match.

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