Participatory Democracy, Decentralization and Local Goverannce Flashcards
word origin demokratia
demos = by the people
kratos = rule
def. direct democracy
the citizens themselves assemble to debate and reach decisions on matters of common interests
def. deliberative democracy
A perspective on democracy which emphasizes the value of public discussion among free, equal and rational citizens in giving legitimacy to decisions and in enhancing their quality
def. representative democracy
citizens elect a parliament and, in presidential systems, a chief executive. These represnetatikves are usually held to account at the next election
def. liberal demoracy
A version of representative democracy in which the scope of democracy is limited by consitutional protection of individual rights, including freedom of assembly, property, religion and speech. Free, fair and regular elections are based on near universal suffrage.
def. illiberal democracy
A version of representative democracy in which rulers, once eleccted, govern with few limits and little respect for individual rights. To assist re-election, the president ensures favorable media coverage and often harasses political opponents, precluding any need to falsify the count.
trend in voter turnouts over the past 50 years?
going down
challenges of participatory democracy
inclusion (race, age, ethnicity, etc.)
involvement of multiple stakeholders (“ownership” of decisions)
accountatbility (social, legal, fiscal, political accountability)
success of public participation is not necessarily guaranteed
Ladder of citizne participation (8)
*Non pariticpative
Manipulation
Therapy
*Tokenism
Informing
Consultation
Placation
*Citizen control
Partnership
Delegation
Citizen Control
def. citizen control
have-nots handle planning, policy making, managing a programme
def. delegation
citizens holding a clear majority delegate power to make decisions
def. partnership
power is redistributed through negotiation between citizens and power holders. decision-making is shared
def. placation
hand-picked “worthies”, decision-making with a few in power
def. consultation
surveys, neighborhood meetings, public enquiries
def. informing
one-way information
def. manipulation and therapy
eachieve public support through public relations
mechanisms to increase & deepen citizen participation (6)
political equality
popular control
inclusion
expressive freedom
deliberation
transparency
Challenges to meaningful participation (7)
1) compromises/clashes of goods and principles
2) nature of public involved and the selection modes
3) amount of power attributed to the public and the incentive to participate
4) techniques and methods used
5) the timing of public involvement
6) the ability to manage conflicts
7) the role of public authorities
How can combinations of these goods be enacted in different institutional settings? (6)
1) selection mechanism
2) agenda-setting capacity
3) form of engagement between citizens (and other actors)
4) roles in decision making
5) scale and transferability
6) resource implications
six innovations
1) electoral innovations
2) consultation innovations
3) deliberative innovations
co-governance innovations
5) direct democracy innovations
6) e-democracy
def. deliberative innovations
focus on improving the quality of engagement through inclusion
def. co-governance innovations
aim to give citizens ongoing influence within political agenda-setting and decision-making process
def. direct democracy innovations
provide citizens with final decision-making power on key issues
def. e-democracy
online political engagement
benefits of participatory democracy? (5)
increases citizens’ consensus
increases citizens’ awareness
creates equality and inclusion
encourages civic skills and virtues
increases legitimacy
