PART1(Postmidterm)

Question 1

molecule contains a combination of DNAs of different origins; combining of different DNAs is made possible by the use
restriction enzymes and ligase

Answer 1

recombinant DNA

Question 2

Two categories of enzymes needed for recombinant DNA

Answer 2

Restriction endonucleases
DNA ligase

Question 3

act as scissors that cut both strands of the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone; these enzymes are found primarily in bacteria

Answer 3

Restriction endonucleases

Question 4

– joins two DNA molecules

Answer 4

DNA ligase

Question 5

Two Types of ends found in DNA
strands after being cut by restriction
enzymes

Answer 5

Blunt ends
Sticky end

Question 6

is when both strands are
of equal length and have no
unpaired bases.

Answer 6

Blunt end

Question 7

is when one strand is longer than the other and has unpaired bases that can form hydrogen bonds with complementary
bases.

Answer 7

Sticky end

Question 8

are helpful in cloning because they can be joined by DNA ligase.

Answer 8

Sticky ends

Question 9

can then join DNA fragments with complementary sticky ends or
blunt ends

Answer 9

DNA ligase

Question 10

catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between the sugar and the phosphate of adjacent nucleotides,

Answer 10

Ligase

Question 11

it is called _______ when the two different DNA fragments become one DNA molecule

Answer 11

Recombinant DNA

Question 12

Molecular cloning is also known as

Answer 12

DNA cloning

Question 13

• DNA molecules that are used as vehicles in transporting the foreign piece of DNA into the host cell;

Answer 13

Cloning vectors

Question 14

Cloning victors types

Answer 14

Plasmid vectors
Cosmid Vectors
Phage DNA vectors
BAC vectors
YAC vectors
Plant Cloning vectors

Question 15

is a popular and effective molecular biology tool often used to detect recombinant bacteria in cloning experiments.

Answer 15

Blue-White Screening

Question 16

These are small, double strands of bacterial DNA that are extrachromosomal

Answer 16

Plasmid Vectors

Question 17

are cloning vectors derived from bacteriophages, which are viruses that infect bacteria. These vectors are used to carry and replicate foreign DNA within a host/bacteral cell.

Answer 17

Phage DNA vectors

Question 18

These are engineered hybrids of phage DNA and plasmid. it contains cos sites for packaging into phage particles, plasmid replication origin for replication in bacterial hosts and genes for plasmid selection

Answer 18

Cosmid vectors

Question 19

This type of vector is useful for analyzing large portions of complex genome and it is an engineered DNA molecule (synthetic) used to clone DNA sequences in
bacterial cells that have been widely used in large genome sequencing projects

Answer 19

BAC vectors

Question 20

These are useful for eukaryotic molecular studies and allow complete genes and gene clusters to be cloned for study. They are particularly useful for studying complex genomes and generating large-insert libraries

Answer 20

YAC vectors

Question 21

A special region in the Ti plasmid, called T-DNA, containing about 8 genes causing the disease characteristics, is incorporated into the plant’s genome so that the plant will synthesize some nutrients (called opines) that the bacterial cells use.

Answer 21

Plant Cloning Vectors

Question 22

can be used to transfer foreign genes into plants.

Answer 22

T-DNA

Question 23

lacks some genes that cause the tumor.

Answer 23

Ti plasmid