Chapter 3 Flashcards
are organisms with altered genome in a way that would have never happened
through traditional reproduction, or natural recombination of existing genes within a specific species
GMO
Genetically modified organisms were produced for the first time in the
1970s
They were used in the production of human insulin replacing insufficient production of
bovine insulin
specifically means that DNA from asexually incompatible organism was introduced.
Transgenic
Conventional plant breeding includes techniques such as
cross pollination,
chromosome doubling, and
mutation breeding
Genetic engineering involves the
insertion, deletion, or change of DNA, RNA, or proteins through human manipulation by means other than cross pollination.
Maxam-Gilbert vs. Sanger
Maxam-Gilbert sequencing cleaves DNA chemically, while Sanger sequencing terminates DNA synthesis.
Impact of GMO in food quantity
Increased yield
Reduced losses
Extended shelf life
Potential impact of GMO on health and medicine
Allergic risk
Toxicity
Antibiotic resistance
Impact of GMO to Food quality
Nutritional enhancement
reduced allergens
Pesticide reduction
Beneficial impact of GMO to the Environment
Reduced pesticide use
Improved weed control
Reduced soil erosion
Lowering farming’s carbon footprint
Potential risk of GMO to Environment
Cross-pollination
Herbicide-resistant weeds
Pesticide adaptation
Potential risk of GMO to the Economy
Higher seed costs
Trade Barriers
Corporate Dependency
small-scale farmer impact
