part two

Question 1

attention is

Answer 1

limited & selective

Question 2

does multitasking exist

Answer 2

NO

Question 3

three phases of memory

Answer 3

encoding phase
storage phase
retrieval phase

Question 4

memory is not a recording, but a

Answer 4

reconstruction

Question 5

the multi-store model of memory is also known as

Answer 5

the atkinson-shiffrin model

Question 6

stages of the multi-store model of memory

Answer 6

sensory memory to short-term to long-term

Question 7

how to retain something from sensory memory to short/long-term memory

Answer 7

rehearsal

Question 8

what puts a memory into short-term memory? what about long-term

Answer 8

short term: maintenance rehearsal

long-term: elaborative rehearsal

Question 9

four components of the working memory

Answer 9

1. phonological loop: auditory info
2. visuospatial sketchpad: visual info
3. episodic buffer: integrates info, links to LTM
4. central executive: control centre, directs attention

Question 10

types of explicit memory

Answer 10

episodic

semantic

Question 11

types of implicit memory

Answer 11

classical conditioning
priming
procedural

Question 12

context-dependent memory

Answer 12

memory enhancement that occurs when the recall situation is similar to the encoding situation

Question 13

state-dependent memory

Answer 13

memory enhancement that occurs when one’s internal state during the recall situation is similar to the encoding situation

Question 14

schemas can be helpful, but can also lead to

Answer 14

biases

Question 15

reconsolidation

Answer 15

occurs every time a memory is activated

Question 16

proactive interference

Answer 16

when prior information inhibits the ability to remember new information

Question 17

retroactive interference

Answer 17

when new information inhibits the ability to remember old information

Question 18

the sapir-whorf hypothesis

Answer 18

the structure of a language determines a native speaker’s perception and categorization of experience

Question 19

where is broca’s area located

Answer 19

the left frontal lobe

Question 20

where is wernicke’s area located

Answer 20

the left temporal lobe

Question 21

how has people’s view on bilingualism changed

Answer 21

it used to be thought to impair intelligence

Question 22

benefits of bilingualism

Answer 22

mental flexibility
advantages in executive control
may help fight diseases such as dementia

Question 23

bandura’s social learning theory phases (2)

Answer 23

attention & retention

Question 24

working memory unit capacity

Answer 24

7 +/- 2

Question 25

chunking

Answer 25

organizing information into meaningful units

Question 26

what kinda of question cause better recall

Answer 26

semantic, as it makes connections to existing information

Question 27

forgetting curve

Answer 27

words in intermediate position in a sequence are less likely to be remembered compared to words in the primary and recency positions

Question 28

what percentage of eyewitness testimony has been faulty in DNA exoneration cases

Answer 28

75%

Question 29

categorization

Answer 29

the process of grouping things based on shared information

Question 30

concept

Answer 30

a mental representation that groups objects, events, or relations around common themes

Question 31

basic level categories of language are

Answer 31

easiest to pronounce
most often used in conversation
in the middle of the ‘word hierarchy’
e.g. chair instead of furniture (broad) or arm chair (specific)

Question 32

classical categorization

Answer 32

objects are categorized according to a certain set of rules or set of features

Question 33

prototype model

Answer 33

objects are categorized according to how closely they resemble the prototype of the category

Question 34

exemplar model

Answer 34

instead of one specific prototype, all members of the category that we have encountered form the concept

Question 35

rule-based appraoch

Answer 35

classical categorization

Question 36

resemblance-based

Answer 36

prototype or exemplar models

Question 37

which culture sees taxonomic and which sees thematic? What about holistic thinking and analytic?

Answer 37

western: taxonomic & analytic
eastern: thematic & holistic