Part IV

Question 1

realism

Answer 1

• term for period in literary history, end of 19th centry. Tranlation “reality” into literature.
• also used as general term for any kind of realistic portrayal in literature.

Question 2

rhetoric

Answer 2

-Rhetoric is a technique of using language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form. It is an art of discourse, which studies and employs various methods to convince, influence or please an audience.

Question 3

rhetorical figures or figures of speech

Answer 3

• a number of stylistic forms that mostly use language in its “nonliteral” meaning.
• Rhetorical figures or devices are employed to achieve particular emphasis and effect. Rhetorical devices, however, are different from “figures of speech”. Wherever and whenever a figure of speech is used in written texts and speech, it alters meanings of words.

Question 4

rhyme

Answer 4

• A rhyme is a repetition of similar sounding words occurring at the end of lines in poems or songs.
  1. internal rhymes (alliteration ect)
  2. end rhymes
  3. eye rhymes (looks like a rhyme, but pronunced different).

Question 5

round character

Answer 5

-A round character in a novel, play or story is a complex personality. Like real people, he/she has depth in his feelings and passions.

Question 6

scene

Answer 6

the smallest unit in the overall structure of a play, subdivision of acts.

Question 7

setting

Answer 7

• an environment or surrounding in which an event or story takes place.
• Social conditions, historical time, geographical locations, weather, immediate surroundings, and timing etc.
• social environment, place and time

Question 8

short story

Answer 8

• a brief fictional prose narrative that is shorter than a novel and that usually deals with only a few characters.
• shorter, less complex plot and setting, less elaborate use of point of view.

Question 9

showing

Answer 9

• a mode of presentation that relies on dramatic presentation (direct speech ect)
• jmf med “telling”

Question 10

sign

Answer 10

meaningful element within a closed system (eg. text)

Question 11

stock character

Answer 11

Stock characters are similar to flat characters in operation, although they may not occupy as much space. It may be useful to think of stock characters as assisting both the plot and setting of a text, or contributing to the background.
- ~stereotyper

Question 12

stream of consciousness technique

Answer 12

-The author gives us not only the viewpoint character’s relevant thoughts or feelings, but imitates the whole flow of that character’s mind. Sentence structure can become unconventional and transitions illogical as the author attempts to replicate free association.

Question 13

structuralism

Answer 13

-an umbrella for text-oriented approaches that use formal-structural aspects in the interpretation of texts and neglect historical, sociological etc…. dimensions.

Question 14

telling

Answer 14

• a mode of presentation.

- explanatory method to present a character (narration)

Question 15

text-oriented approach

Answer 15

• Text-oriented approach has been applied in most of modern schools and methodologies in literary criticism.
• It is applied primordial textual science of religion, legal practice, and divination. All these traditions place the main emphasize on the internal textual aspects of a literary works.

Question 16

theme (Griffith)

Answer 16

-Theme are ideas about life outside the work- about the real world, our world- that we draw from works of literature- not just from fiction but from literature in all genres.
-Theme is defined as a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly-
READ GRTFFITH

Question 17

tragedy

Answer 17

-Tragedy is kind of drama that presents a serious subject matter about human suffering and corresponding terrible events in a dignified manner.