Part III

Question 1

literature

Answer 1

• Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material.
• literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, journalism, and in some instances, song.

Question 2

metafication

Answer 2

• Metafiction is a term given to fictional writing which self-consciously and systematically draws attention to its status as an artifact in order to pose questions about the relationship between fiction and reality.
• In providing a critique of their own methods of construction, such writings not only examine the fundamental structures of narrative fiction, they also explore the possible fictionality of the world outside the literary fictional text.
• self-reflexive literary texts focus on their own literary elements, feature of postmodernism.

Question 3

mise en scène

Answer 3

1 : the arrangement of actors and scenery on a stage for a theatrical production (b : stage setting)
2 : the physical setting of an action (as of a narrative or a motion picture) : (b : environment)

Question 4

modernism

Answer 4

• period of literary and cultural history in the first decades of the 20th century.
• new narrative structures (stream-of-consiousness) introduced.

Question 5

modes of presentation

Answer 5

• ways of presentating the characters:
  1. telling= explanatory based on narration
  2. showing= based on dialogues and monologues

Question 6

monologue

Answer 6

• It is a literary device, which is the speech or verbal presentation that a single character presents in order to express his/her collection of thoughts and ideas aloud. -Often this character addresses directly to audience.
• Monologues are found in the dramatic medium like films, plays and also in non-dramatic medium such poetry

Question 7

narrative situation

Answer 7

• narrative voice (who speaks?) and focalisation(who sees?).
• These two aspects together are also called narrative situation.

Question 8

soliloquy

Answer 8

• similar to monologue

- soliloquy, the speaker expresses his thoughts to himself/herself, and it does not involve any other characters.

Question 9

narrative voice

Answer 9

• It is characteristic of narrative prose (and narrative poetry) that it is always told by someone, i.e. it is always mediated in some way through a ‘voice’. This is not the case in drama or film, where the characters generall speak directly.

Question 10

narratology

Answer 10

-Narratology refers to both the theory and the study of narrative and narrative structure and the ways that these affect our perception.

Question 11

narrator

Answer 11

-A person (authority) who tells a story

Question 12

novel

Answer 12

-an invented prose narrative of considerable length and a certain complexity that deals imaginatively with human experience, usually through a connected sequence of events involving a group of persons in a specific setting.

Question 13

omniscient point of view

Answer 13

-a literary technique of writing narrative in third person in which a narrator knows the feelings and thoughts of every character in the story.
-Through omniscient narrative, an author brings an entire world of his characters to life and moves from
characters to characters, allowing different voices to interpret the events, and maintaining omniscient form — that is keeping a distance.
(imprecisely called third-person narration)

Question 14

performance

Answer 14

• a performance presented to an audience within a fine art context, traditionally interdisciplinary.
• Performance may be either scripted or unscripted, random or carefully orchestrated; spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without audience participation.

Question 15

personification

Answer 15

• a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes.
• The non-human objects are portrayed in such a way that we feel they have the ability to act like human beings.
• e.g “The sky weeps”

Question 16

plot

Answer 16

-Plot is a literary term used to describe the events that make up a story or the main part of a story. These events relate to each other in a pattern or a sequence.

Question 17

poetry or poem

Answer 17

• A poem is a collection of spoken or written words that expresses ideas or emotions in a powerfully vivid and imaginative style, comprising of a particular rhythmic and metrical pattern.
• Poetry= Writing that formulates a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience in language chosen and arranged to create a specific emotional response through meaning, sound, and rhythm.

Question 18

point of view

Answer 18

same as narrative situation: -narrative voice (who speaks?) and focalisation(who sees?).

Question 19

postmodernism

Answer 19

• movement in literary history in second half of 20th century.
• takes up issues that were treated by modernism by dealing with them in an academic way, often metafiction.

Question 20

protagonist

Answer 20

-A protagonist is the central character or leading figure in poetry, narrative, novel or any other story
=main character