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QAQC > Part III > Flashcards

Part III Flashcards

1
Q

the degree of blackening in the finished radiograph

A

optical density

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2
Q

OD is primarily controlled by [..]

A

mAs

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3
Q

Optical and mAs relationship

A

directly proportional

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4
Q

Tips for High Contrast-Short Scale of Contrast

A
  1. Low Scatter Radiation
  2. High Differential Absorption
  3. OD Falls on the straight-line portion of the CC
  4. Steep CC
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5
Q

Tips for Low Contrast-Long Scale of Contrast

A
  1. High Scatter Radiation
  2. Low Differential Absorption
  3. OD falls on the toe and shoulder
  4. Shallow CC
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6
Q

Kvp Vs. Density

A

Directly related to OD and IR expo but not proportional
↑ kVp, ↑xray quantity (kVp²)
↓kVp, ↓ xray quantity (kVp^5)

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7
Q

high KVp chain [H.Ix.DdD.Is.L

A

high kVp→ increase xray beam pene → decreases DA → increase scatter → low contrast

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8
Q

mAs vS Density

A

control quantity
directly prop to OD
↑ mAs, ↑ IR expo and film density

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9
Q

SID vS Density

A

indirect
↑ SID, ↓ film density and IR expo
mAs must be increased

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10
Q

OID vS Density

A

indirect
↑ OID, ↓ radiation, exposure, scatter, OD/IR

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11
Q

Anatomical Part vs Density [TAXO]

A

↑ thickness, ↑ attenuation, ↓ xray quantity, ↓ OD/IR exposure (indi)

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12
Q

lung [mass density]

A

320

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13
Q

fat [mass density]

A

910

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14
Q

soft tissue, muscle [mass density]

A

1000

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15
Q

bone [mass density]

A

1850

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16
Q

air cm [mass density]

A

1.3

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17
Q

barium [mass density]

A

3500

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18
Q

iodine [mass density]

A

4930

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19
Q

calcium [mass density]

A

1550

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20
Q

concrete [mass density]

A

2350

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21
Q

molybdenum [mass density]

A

10, 200

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22
Q

lead [mass density]

A

11, 350

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23
Q

rhenium [mass density]

A

12,500

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24
Q

tungstate [mass density]

A

19, 300

25
Q

increased pt thickness chain

A

↑ patient thickness → increases volume of tissue irradiated → increases scatter rad → low contrast

26
Q

constructive pathology vs density [IDD)

A

increase attenuation
decreases xray quantity
decreases OD/IR exposure
mAs must be increased

27
Q

constructive pathology [3ACHMePPS]

A

Aortic Aneurysm
Ascites
Atelectasis
Cirrhosis
Hypertrophy
Metastases
Pleural Effusion
Pneumonia
Sclerosis

28
Q

destructive pathology [2ABoCaDEOP]

A

active tuberculosis
atrophy
bowel obstruction
cancer
degenerative arthritis
emphysema
osteoporosis
pneumothorax

29
Q

positive cm vs density

A

radiopaque
high atomic o.
increase attenuation
decreases x-ray quantity
decreases OD/IR expo

30
Q

fat [effective atomic no.]

A

6.3

31
Q

soft tissue and lungs[effective atomic no.]

A

7.4

32
Q

bone [effective atomic no.]

A

13.8

33
Q

air [effective atomic no.]

A

7.6

34
Q

iodine [effective atomic no.]

A

53

35
Q

barium [effective atomic no.]

A

56

36
Q

concrete [effective atomic no.]

A

17

37
Q

molybdenum [effective atomic no.]

A

42

38
Q

tungsten [effective atomic no.]

A

74

39
Q

lead [effective atomic no.]

A

82

40
Q

high atomic no. chain

A

high atomic number → positive cm →radiopaque → high contrast

41
Q

dev’t time vs density

A

increased development time, more silver ions are reduced to black metallic silver, increase OD

decreased development time, fewer silver is reduced to black metallic silver, increases OD

42
Q

increased developer, temp, replenishment rate chain

A

increased developer, temp, replenishment rate → increases chemical fog → shallow curve → low contrast

→very high OD → OD on the shoulder portion → low contrast

43
Q

decreased developer, temp, replenishment rate chain

A

decreased developer, temp, replenishment rate → very low OD → OD falls on toe portion →low contrast

44
Q

screen speed vs density

A

large phosphor, greater no. of light produced per incident x-rays, increases OD/IR expo, mAs must be decreased

45
Q

ultra high or hi plus [relative speed value]

A

300

46
Q

high or fast screen [relative speed value]

A

200

47
Q

medium, par or standard screen [relative speed value]

A

100

48
Q

detail, slow or high resolution [relative speed value]

A

50

49
Q

ultra-detail

A

25

50
Q

Fast Screen chain

A

Fast screen

51
Q

Fast Screen chain [SIDH]

A

Fast screen → steep curve → increases OD differences → high contrast

52
Q

Slow Screen chain [S. S. D. L]

A

slow screen → shallow curve → decreases OD differences → low contrast

53
Q

collimation vs density

A

increased collimation, decreases primary beam FS, decreases no. of photons available, decreases, scatter, decreases OD/IR expo, mAs must be increased

54
Q

increased collimation chain

A

increased collimation chain → decrease FS → decrease tissue volume irrad → decrease scatter rad → high contrast

55
Q

grid ratio vs density

A

high grid ratio, increases scatter rad clean up, decreases, scatter radiation, high contrast

56
Q

filtration vs kVp

A

increased filtration → decreases low energy x-rays → increases beam hardening → decreases differential absorption → low contrast

57
Q

screen film vs kVp

vice versa for direct-expo film

A

screen film → steep curve → increases OD differences → high contrast

58
Q

affects the number number of x-ray pulses and the total average photon energy

A

voltage ripple

59
Q

High voltage ripple/ Hi Generator chain

A

high generator → low V ripple (<1%) →increases average energy → decreases differential absorption → increases scatter → low contrast

QAQC (8 decks)

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