Part II: Fundamentals

Question 1

How do we grade agglutination reactions?

Answer 1

1. Size of the RBC agglutinate
2. Color of supernatant fluid (SF)

Question 2

% Ag: 100%
Score: 12
Description of appearance:
- One solid clump, no free
cells, clear supernatant

Answer 2

4+

Question 3

% Ag: 75%
Score: 10
Description of appearance:
- Several large clumps, clear supernatant

Answer 3

3+

Question 4

% Ag: 50%
Score: 8
Description of appearance:
- Many medium-sized clumps, cloudy red supernatant

Answer 4

2+

Question 5

% Ag: 25%
Score: 5
Description of appearance:
- numerous small clumps, cloudy red supernatant

Answer 5

1+

Question 6

% Ag: <25%
Score: 3
Description of appearance:
- numerous very small clumps, ,easily dispersed cloudy red supernatant

Answer 6

+/-

Question 7

% Ag: <25%
Score: 1
Description of appearance:
- appears negative macroscopically, agglutination visible microscopically

Answer 7

+

Question 8

% Ag: 0
Score: 0
Description of appearance:
- Negative, no agglutination
seen macroscopically

Answer 8

0

Question 9

Complete hemolysis, no intact RBCs remaining

Answer 9

H

Question 10

Partial hemolysis, some RBC sill intact; Hemolysis is visible

Answer 10

PH

Question 11

Mixed field- mixtures of agglutinated and unagglutinated cells
● Cannot be determined
macroscopically
● Confirm using different
microscopic fields

Answer 11

mf (mixed field)

Question 12

Normally the red blood cell surface transforms
into a net _____ because of
____ also called NANA.

Answer 12

NEGATIVE CHARGE ; SIALIC acid

Question 13

To decrease the zeta potential add

Answer 13

POTENTIATOR

Question 14

Antibody-like substances or agents obtained or
derived from plant sources specifically seed
extracts that could detect specific antigen

Answer 14

LECTINS

Question 15

LECTINS

Anti-A1

Answer 15

Dolichos biflorus

Question 16

LECTINS

Anti-B

Answer 16

Bandeiraea simplicifolia (Griffonia simplicifolia)

Question 17

LECTINS

Anti-H

Answer 17

Ulex europaeus

Question 18

LECTINS

Anti-M

Answer 18

*Iberis amara (most common source)
Iberis umbellata
Iberis sempervirens
Maclura aurantiaca

Question 19

LECTINS

Anti-N

Answer 19

Bauhinia variegata
Bauhinia bonastiana
Bauhinia purpurea
*Vicia graminea (most common source)

Question 20

Same with lectins but it is derived from animal
sources most commonly from snails

Answer 20

PROLECTINS

Question 21

PROLECTINS

Anti-A

Answer 21

Helix pomatia
Helix aspersa
Cepaea nemoralis

Question 22

PROLECTINS

Anti-A1

Answer 22

Euphradaperionphala spp
Bradybaemafructicum spp

Question 23

PROLECTINS

Anti-B

Answer 23

Salmo irideus

Question 24

PROLECTINS

Anti-H

Answer 24

Eel