Part I: ABO Blood Group System Flashcards by Franchezka Ignacio

→ catalyzing
immunodominant sugar
→ Transferase (enzyme)

Glycosyltransferase

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Glycosyltransferase (4)

A Pale Look Hotter

ABO
P Blood group
Lewis
H subtances

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Relationship with Red Cell (3)

MaGanDa

MN
Gerbich
Diego

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Trasport Protein (4)

Rich Kidd Dress Cooler

Rh
Kidd
Diego
Colton

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Minor blood group or unknown blood group

Diego and Colton

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Complement Protein Pathway Blood Group (3)

CoCo Krunch

Chido/Rogers
Cromer
Knops

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Adhesion Molecule (4)

I Love XL

Indian
Landsteiner-weiner
Xg
Lutheran

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Microbial Receptors (3)

Look MaDaPa Cromer

Lewis
MNS
Duffy
P
Cromer

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Biologic Receptor

I Dont Know

Indian
Duffy
Knops

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Pre-Transfusion Testing includes (3)

ABO testing
Rh Testing
Antibody Screening and Identification

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2 Types of ABO testing

Forward / Direct
Reverse / Indirect

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Most clinically significant blood group in TRANSFUSION AND TRANSPLANTATION

ABO Blood Group system

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Incorrect/Unmatched ABO blood typing can lead to

AIITR

Acute Immediate Immunogenic Transfusion Reaction

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Acute Immediate Immunogenic Transfusion Reaction shows

Hemolysis of RBC within 24hrs; liver damage/ death

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ABO blood group is unique since it is a blood group system in which antibody is

formed by the individual against ANTIGEN THAT IS NOT FOUND ON THE RBC

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ABO genes are located in

Chromosome 9’s long arm

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He explained the manner of inheritance of the ABO
genes in the long arm of chromosome 9

Bernstein, 1924

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each parent contributes half of the genetic information to the child in the unit called

“gene”

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50% haplotype comes from the mother and the other 50% comes from the father. This manner is called

codominance

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discovered ABO blood group system in 1901.

Karl Landsteiner

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The antigen of RBC determines the blood type of an individual.
The corresponding antibody is never found on the patient serum.
The opposite AB is found on the serum.

LANDSTEINER LAW

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Anti-B is the antibody that is found in blood

Type A

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Anti-A is the antibody that is found in blood

Type B

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ANTI-AB is the antibody that is found in

Type O

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No antibody is found in

Type AB

Phenotype will always depend on

genotype

depends on the manner of inheritance

Genotype

NOMENCLATURE: LANDSTEINER

O A B AB

NOMENCLATURE: JANSKY I II III IV

MOSS IV II III I

This system is created which aims to unify and standardize the manner of reporting of RBC Ag, Machine, and IO readable system of reporting red cell Ag was used

ISBT (International Society of Blood Transfusion)

ABO Blood group system: (New ISBT)

Type A: 001/ABO1 Type B: 002/ABO2 Type AB: 003/ABO3 Type O: 004/ABO4

ABO Blood group system: (OLD ISBT)

001 (ABO BG SYSTEM) + Ag Type A: 001001 Type B: 001002 Type AB: 001003 Type O: 001004

Based on the Landsteiner Law which explains that 50% of the inheritance came from the mother and another 50% from the father

THE PUNNETT SQUARE

Parent Alleles: Mother: AO Father: BO Type A: Type B: Type AB: Type O: Heterozygous: Homozygous:

Type A: 25% Type B: 25% Type AB: 25% Type O: 25% Heterozygous: 75% Homozygous: 25%

Parent Alleles: Mother: AA Father: BB Type A: Type B: Type AB: Type O: Heterozygous: Homozygous:

Type A: 0 Type B: 0 Type AB: 100% Type O: 0 Heterozygous: 100% Homozygous: 0

Blood type O is an

Amorph (no genetic characteristics)

40% for __________ has blood type O even though they are the universal donors, they are still the most frequent and numerous

Asian population

Universal Donor

Blood Type O

Universal Recipient

Blood Type AB

In as early as __________ of fetal life,red cell antigens are already expressed on the RBC

37th day

ABO genes code not for the Ag themselves but for the production of glycosyltransferases that add immunodominant sugars to a

basic precursor substances

catalyze the transfer immunodominant sugar from the plasma to a Basic Precursor Substance.

Glycosyltransferases

2 Types of Basic Precursor Substance:

Type 1: Glycoproteins --> binds terminal galactose to n-acetyl glucosamine --> 1-3 linkages Type 2: Glycolipids --> binds terminal galactose to n-acetyl glucosamine --> 1-4 linkages

Basic Precursor Substance is also known as

Paragloboside/Glycan

an oligosaccharide structure composed of 4 interlinked sugars

Paragloboside/Glycan

The formation of ABH antigens results from the interaction of genes at

3 separate loci (3) 1. ABO 2. Hh 3. Secretor

AB developes

longer

Ag developes

readily

It is the acceptors structure on RBC for sugars L-fucose- responsible for H ag specificity.

Basic Precursor Substance

H gene Glycosyltransferase: Immunodominant sugar: Chromosome:

Glycosyltransferase: - L-fucosyltransferasse Immunodominant sugar: - L-fucose Chromosome: - 19

A gene Glycosyltransferase: Immunodominant sugar: Chromosome:

Glycosyltransferase: - N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase Immunodominant sugar: - n-acetyl-D-galactosamine Chromosome: - 9

B gene Glycosyltransferase: Immunodominant sugar: Chromosome:

Glycosyltransferase: - d-galactosyltransferase Immunodominant sugar: - D-galactose Chromosome: - 9

always present regardless of all blood type because it will serve as an acceptor antigen/gene structure

H gene

For blood type AB, the ____ genes are present.

Rare blood group that doesn't have H antigen are

Bombay (Oh) phenotype

weakly expressed on RBC during fetal life.It only becomes strongly expressed after a year after birth

A antigen

are strongly on RBC during development

B and H antigen

Secretors individual are individuals who inherit the so called

“Secretor Gene”

A Secretor individual (Sese+) can form the

ABH soluble substances

For nonsecretors (sese-), they do not form

ABH soluble substances.

- regulates the formation of H antigen and subsequently if A and B antigens in secretory cells. - Therefore, it regulates the formation of glycoproteins

Secretor gene system (Sese)

- regulates production of H antigens on erythrocytes (glycolipids)

Zz system

ABH Antigens Secreted Substances: 1st sugar in the precursor: Precursor chain:

Secreted Substances: Glycolipids 1st sugar in the precursor: Glucose Precursor chain: Type 2

ABH Soluble Substances Secreted Substances: 1st sugar in the precursor: Precursor chain:

Secreted Substances: Glycoprotein 1st sugar in the precursor: - N-acetylgalactosamine Precursor chain: Type 1 (predominant) and 2

ABO antibodies are mostly naturally occurring antibodies that are detectable

3-6 months after birth

ABO is mostly ______ which reacts at __________

IgM Room temperature below (25 degC) Optimal (4 degC)

Antigen found in Type A

A, H

Antigen found in Type B

A, BA

Antigen found in Type AB

A, B, H

Antigen found in Type O