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IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY > Part I: ABO Blood Group System > Flashcards

Part I: ABO Blood Group System Flashcards

1
Q

→ catalyzing
immunodominant sugar
→ Transferase (enzyme)

A

Glycosyltransferase

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2
Q

Glycosyltransferase (4)

A

A Pale Look Hotter

ABO
P Blood group
Lewis
H subtances

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3
Q

Relationship with Red Cell (3)

A

MaGanDa

MN
Gerbich
Diego

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4
Q

Trasport Protein (4)

A

Rich Kidd Dress Cooler

Rh
Kidd
Diego
Colton

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5
Q

Minor blood group or unknown blood group

A

Diego and Colton

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6
Q

Complement Protein Pathway Blood Group (3)

A

CoCo Krunch

Chido/Rogers
Cromer
Knops

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7
Q

Adhesion Molecule (4)

A

I Love XL

Indian
Landsteiner-weiner
Xg
Lutheran

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8
Q

Microbial Receptors (3)

A

Look MaDaPa Cromer

Lewis
MNS
Duffy
P
Cromer

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9
Q

Biologic Receptor

A

I Dont Know

Indian
Duffy
Knops

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10
Q

Pre-Transfusion Testing includes (3)

A
  1. ABO testing
  2. Rh Testing
  3. Antibody Screening and Identification
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11
Q

2 Types of ABO testing

A
  1. Forward / Direct
  2. Reverse / Indirect
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12
Q

Most clinically significant blood group in TRANSFUSION AND TRANSPLANTATION

A

ABO Blood Group system

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13
Q

Incorrect/Unmatched ABO blood typing can lead to

A

AIITR

Acute Immediate Immunogenic Transfusion Reaction

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14
Q

Acute Immediate Immunogenic Transfusion Reaction shows

A

Hemolysis of RBC within 24hrs; liver damage/ death

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15
Q

ABO blood group is unique since it is a blood group system in which antibody is

A

formed by the individual against ANTIGEN THAT IS NOT FOUND ON THE RBC

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16
Q

ABO genes are located in

A

Chromosome 9’s long arm

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17
Q

He explained the manner of inheritance of the ABO
genes in the long arm of chromosome 9

A

Bernstein, 1924

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18
Q

each parent contributes half of the genetic information to the child in the unit called

A

“gene”

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19
Q

50% haplotype comes from the mother and the other 50% comes from the father. This manner is called

A

codominance

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20
Q

discovered ABO blood group system in 1901.

A

Karl Landsteiner

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21
Q
  1. The antigen of RBC determines the blood type of an individual.
  2. The corresponding antibody is never found on the patient serum.
  3. The opposite AB is found on the serum.
A

LANDSTEINER LAW

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22
Q

Anti-B is the antibody that is found in blood

A

Type A

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23
Q

Anti-A is the antibody that is found in blood

A

Type B

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24
Q

ANTI-AB is the antibody that is found in

A

Type O

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25
Q

No antibody is found in

A

Type AB

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26
Q

Phenotype will always depend on

A

genotype

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27
Q

depends on the manner of inheritance

A

Genotype

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28
Q

NOMENCLATURE:

LANDSTEINER

A

O
A
B
AB

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29
Q

NOMENCLATURE:

JANSKY

I
II
III
IV

A

MOSS

IV
II
III
I

30
Q

This system is created which aims to unify and standardize the manner of reporting of RBC Ag,
Machine, and IO readable system of reporting red cell Ag was used

A

ISBT (International Society of Blood Transfusion)

31
Q

ABO Blood group system: (New
ISBT)

A

Type A: 001/ABO1
Type B: 002/ABO2
Type AB: 003/ABO3
Type O: 004/ABO4

32
Q

ABO Blood group system: (OLD
ISBT)

A

001 (ABO BG SYSTEM) + Ag

Type A: 001001
Type B: 001002
Type AB: 001003
Type O: 001004

33
Q

Based on the Landsteiner Law which explains that 50% of the inheritance came from the mother and another 50% from the father

A

THE PUNNETT SQUARE

34
Q

Parent Alleles:

Mother: AO
Father: BO

Type A:
Type B:
Type AB:
Type O:

Heterozygous:
Homozygous:

A

Type A: 25%
Type B: 25%
Type AB: 25%
Type O: 25%

Heterozygous: 75%
Homozygous: 25%

35
Q

Parent Alleles:

Mother: AA
Father: BB

Type A:
Type B:
Type AB:
Type O:

Heterozygous:
Homozygous:

A

Type A: 0
Type B: 0
Type AB: 100%
Type O: 0
Heterozygous: 100%
Homozygous: 0

36
Q

Blood type O is an

A

Amorph (no genetic
characteristics)

37
Q

40% for __________ has blood type O even though they are the universal donors, they are still
the most frequent and numerous

A

Asian population

38
Q

Universal Donor

A

Blood Type O

39
Q

Universal Recipient

A

Blood Type AB

40
Q

In as early as __________ of fetal life,red cell antigens are already expressed on the RBC

A

37th day

41
Q

ABO genes code not for the Ag themselves but for
the production of glycosyltransferases that add
immunodominant sugars to a

A

basic precursor substances

42
Q

catalyze the transfer
immunodominant sugar from the plasma to a Basic Precursor Substance.

A

Glycosyltransferases

43
Q

2 Types of Basic Precursor Substance:

A

Type 1: Glycoproteins

–> binds terminal galactose to n-acetyl glucosamine
–> 1-3 linkages

Type 2: Glycolipids
–> binds terminal galactose to n-acetyl glucosamine
–> 1-4 linkages

44
Q

Basic Precursor Substance is also known as

A

Paragloboside/Glycan

45
Q

an oligosaccharide
structure composed of 4 interlinked sugars

A

Paragloboside/Glycan

46
Q

The formation of ABH antigens results from the interaction of genes at

A

3 separate loci (3)

  1. ABO
  2. Hh
  3. Secretor
47
Q

AB developes

A

longer

48
Q

Ag developes

A

readily

49
Q

It is the acceptors structure on RBC for sugars L-fucose- responsible for H ag
specificity.

A

Basic Precursor Substance

50
Q

H gene

Glycosyltransferase:
Immunodominant sugar:
Chromosome:

A

Glycosyltransferase:
- L-fucosyltransferasse
Immunodominant sugar:
- L-fucose
Chromosome:
- 19

51
Q

A gene

Glycosyltransferase:
Immunodominant sugar:
Chromosome:

A

Glycosyltransferase:
- N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
Immunodominant sugar:
- n-acetyl-D-galactosamine
Chromosome:
- 9

52
Q

B gene

Glycosyltransferase:
Immunodominant sugar:
Chromosome:

A

Glycosyltransferase:
- d-galactosyltransferase
Immunodominant sugar:
- D-galactose
Chromosome:
- 9

53
Q

always present regardless of all blood type
because it will serve as an acceptor antigen/gene
structure

A

H gene

54
Q

For blood type AB, the ____ genes are present.

A

2

55
Q

Rare blood group that doesn’t have H antigen are

A

Bombay (Oh) phenotype

56
Q

weakly expressed on RBC during
fetal life.It only becomes strongly expressed after a year after birth

A

A antigen

57
Q

are strongly on RBC during
development

A

B and H antigen

58
Q

Secretors individual are individuals who
inherit the so called

A

“Secretor Gene”

59
Q

A Secretor individual (Sese+) can form the

A

ABH soluble substances

60
Q

For nonsecretors (sese-), they do not form

A

ABH soluble substances.

61
Q
  • regulates the formation of H antigen and subsequently if A and B antigens in secretory cells.
  • Therefore, it regulates the formation of glycoproteins
A

Secretor gene system (Sese)

62
Q
  • regulates production of H antigens on erythrocytes
    (glycolipids)
A

Zz system

63
Q

ABH Antigens

Secreted Substances:
1st sugar in the precursor:
Precursor chain:

A

Secreted Substances: Glycolipids
1st sugar in the precursor: Glucose
Precursor chain: Type 2

64
Q

ABH Soluble Substances

Secreted Substances:
1st sugar in the precursor:
Precursor chain:

A

Secreted Substances: Glycoprotein
1st sugar in the precursor:
- N-acetylgalactosamine
Precursor chain:
Type 1 (predominant) and 2

65
Q

ABO antibodies are mostly naturally occurring antibodies that are detectable

A

3-6 months after birth

66
Q

ABO is mostly ______ which reacts at __________

A

IgM
Room temperature below (25 degC)

Optimal (4 degC)

67
Q

Antigen found in Type A

A

A, H

68
Q

Antigen found in Type B

A

A, BA

69
Q

Antigen found in Type AB

A

A, B, H

70
Q

Antigen found in Type O

A

H

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY (4 decks)

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