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Virology > Part I > Flashcards

Part I Flashcards

1
Q

Mention 3 DNA virus families including non-enveloped viruses!

A

Parvoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Adenoviridae

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2
Q

Mention 3 DNA virus families including enveloped viruses!

A

Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Poxviridae

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3
Q

Mention 3 RNA virus families including non-enveloped viruses!

A

Picornaviriade, Caliciviridae, Reoviridae

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4
Q

Mention 3 RNA virus families including enveloped viruses!

A

Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, etc.

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5
Q

Which virus family is characterized by a single-stranded DNA genome?

A

Parvoviridae

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6
Q

Which virus family is characterized by a double-stranded RNA genome?

A

Reoviridae

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7
Q

Reverse transcription is involved in the replication of which DNA virus?

A

Hepadnaviridae – HBV

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8
Q

List the 5 major types of viral vaccines (classified according to the properties of the viral component)!

A

live attenuated virus vaccines
inactivated virus vaccines
subunit vaccines
viral vector vaccines
nucleic acid vaccines (RNA, DNA)

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9
Q

Mention at least 3 diseases caused by herpes simplex viruses (HSV1, HSV2)!

A

oropharyngeal herpes (gingivostomatitis, herpes labialis), keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis, herpes genitalis

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10
Q

What are the serious complications of HSV infection in newborns?

A

disseminated infections; encephalitis; skin, eye, mouth infections

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11
Q

Which viruses are susceptible to acyclovir? What is the mechanism of effect of the drug?

A

alpha herpesviruses – HSV1, HSV2, VZV; inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase and DNA chain terminator

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12
Q

Explain why acyclovir is selectively toxic to cells infected by alpha-herpesviruses!

A

These viruses encode their own thymidine kinase enzymes, which are needed for activation (phosphorylation) of the drug. Cellular thymidine kinase does not activate the drug.

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13
Q

In which cells do Herpes simlex viruses establish latent infection?

A

Sensory ganglion cells (trigeminal or sacral ganglia)

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14
Q

What manifestation occurs when the virus causing chickenpox is reactivated after a long latent period?

A

Herpes zoster (shingles)

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15
Q

What manifestations does cytomegalovirus cause in congenital infections?

A

cytomegalic inclusion disease – spontaneous abortion, CNS damage (deafness, blindness, mental retardation), hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice

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16
Q

What disease does cytomegalovirus cause in immunocompetent persons?

A

mononucleosis infectiosa (heterophil-antibody negative)

17
Q

Mention 2 diseases that cytomegalovirus can cause in immune compromised persons!

A

pneumonia, chorioretinitis, colitis

18
Q

Mention 2 drugs that can be used to treat cytomegalovirus infections?

A

Ganciklovir, valganciklovir, foscarnet, cidofovir, letermovir

19
Q

Describe the heterophil antibody test used in Epstein-Barr virus diagnostics!

A

Paul-Bunnel test – in mononucleosis caused by EBV, the serum of the patient agglutinates sheep red blood cells

20
Q

Which virus causes exanthema subitum (roseola infantum)?

A

HHV6, HHV7

21
Q

Which virus causes erythema infectiosum?

A

Human parvovirus B19

22
Q

What are the possible consequences of fetal infections caused by B19 parvovirus?

A

fetal death or hydrops fetalis

23
Q

Which isotype of antigen-specific immunoglobulins in the newborn’s blood indicates a congenital infection?

A

IgM

24
Q

Which antigens of influenza viruses are recognized by neutralizing antibodies?

A

Hemagglutinin, neuraminidase

25
Q

What is the mechanism of antigenic shift in influenza viruses?

A

reassortment of genome segments (between different influenza A virus subtypes)

26
Q

What is the mechanism of antigenic drift in influenza viruses?

A

accumulation of point mutations in the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of influenza viruses

27
Q

Which influenza virus types are characterised by antigenic shift?

A

influenza A

28
Q

Which influenza virus types are characterised by antigenic drift?

A

Influenza A and B

29
Q

Which ifluenza A subtypes cause most human infections currently?

A

H1N1, H3N2

30
Q

Which virus(es) is(are) susceptible to amantadine?

A

Influenza A virus

Virology (3 decks)

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