Part 2 Flashcards
What is the possible late complication of measles infection (several years after the acute infection)?
SSPE – subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
What is the portal of entry of the viruses belonging to Paramyxoviridae?
Respiratory tract – aerosol infection
Which virus is the most common cause of severe viral lower respiratory tract infections in infants and small children?
respiratory syncitial virus (RSV)
What are the possible complications of adulthood mumps virus infection? Specify at least 2 of them!
Orchitis, meningitis, pancreatitis
What is the route of infection of rabies virus? How does rabies virus spread in the infected body?
By the bite of a rabid animal, (rarely by infectious aerosol) spread of the virus in the host – along the axons
What medication does a person need after exposure to rabies virus?
Active immunization – human diploid cell vaccine (killed virus) and passive immunization – rabies immune globulin
What is the portal of entry of polioviruses? Which areas of the central nervous system are affected by poliovirus infection?
oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract
damage in motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord + brain stem
Which human viruses belong to the Enterovirus genus?
Polioviruses, coxsackie viruses, echoviruses, enteroviruses 68 - 71
Mention at least 4 diseases caused by Coxsackie viruses!
febrile rashes, herpangina, myocarditis, pericarditis, meningitis, pleurodynia, hand-foot-and-mouth disease
What disease do rotaviruses cause? At which age?
gastroenteritis in young children
List the 3 antigens of hepatitis B virus against which antibodies may develop during or after the acute phase of infection?
HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAg
Which hepatitis B-specific antibody is almost never present in chronic hepatitis?
Anti-Hbs
What are the main modes of transmission of HBV (hepatitis B virus) infection?
Sexual contact; perinatally from mother to newborn; by blood or blood products
What are the 2 serological markers that are necessary and sufficient to prove acute hepatitis B virus infection?
HBsAg, Anti-HBc IgM
Describe the active and passive prophylaxis against hepatitis B!
active immunization: recombinant HBsAg vaccine
passive immunization: HBIG (hepatitis B immune globulin)
Which hepatitis viruses are acquired orally?
HAV, HEV
Which hepatitis viruses are acquired via parenteral routes?
HBV, HCV, HDV, (HGV)
Mention 4 diseases that can be caused by adenoviruses!
pharyngitis, pharyngoconjunctival fever, acut respiratory disease, bronchitis, atypical pneumonia, hemorrhagic cystitis, gastrointestinal infection
What is the portal of entry of mumps virus?
Upper respiratory tract
Mention at least two viruses frequently causing pneumonia!
RSV, influenza virus A and B, parainfluenza virus, adenoviruses, coronavirus SARS-CoV2
What is the causative agent of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?
Measles virus
What is(are) the nature(s) of antigen(s) in the combined vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella?
live attenuated viruses
What is the nature of antigen in the rabies vaccine for human use?
killed virus
Which viral variants are included in the human influenza vaccine?
The vaccine contains 2 influenza A strains (H3N2, H1N1) and 1or 2 influenza B strain(s).
What does the vaccine against hepatitis B contain?
Subunit vaccine, containing HBsAg
What is the nature of the antigens in the different types of poliovirus vaccine?
IPV (inactivated polio vaccine): killed viruses (types 1, 2, and 3)
OPV (oral polio vaccine): live attenuated viruses (types 1, 2, and 3)
What is the causative agent of PML (progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy)?
JC virus (Polyomaviridae)
What are the possible manifestations of fetal infections caused by rubella virus? Specify at least 3 of them!
Congenital malformations involving the heart (patent ductus arteriosus, septum defects), the eyes (cataract, glaucoma) and the brain (deafness, mental reardation).
Mention 3 human prion diseases!
Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia
What is the nature of the immune response in diseases caused by prions?
There is no immune response, as prions are self proteins.
