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MRI > Part I > Flashcards

Part I Flashcards

1
Q

[person/s] made Fourier transformer that allows us to convert signals to digital, provide numerical values

A

Jean Baptiste and Joseph Fourier

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2
Q

Introduce principles in electricity and magnetism

A

Hans Christian Oersted

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3
Q

law of magnets induction and electromagnetism

A

Michael Faraday

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4
Q

Created EM wave theory - categorize ionizing and non-ionizing radiation

A

James Clerk Maxwell

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5
Q

Contributed to EM waves - radiofrequency

A

Heinrich Hertz

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6
Q

Created rotating field in 1882

A

Nikola Tesla

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7
Q

1956 SI unit for magnetic flux density

A

TESLA

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8
Q

Strength of magnetism of MF in a specific area

A

Magnetic flux density

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9
Q

coined the phrase NMR ( Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)

A

Wolfgang Pauli

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10
Q

[year, person] first NMR experiment, observe that nucleon follow direction with magnetism

A

1937, Isidor Isaac Rabi

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11
Q

[year, person] NMR Experiment on hydrogen atoms in solid and liquid state, observed a signal in the nucleus, NMR

A

1946
Felix Bloch - liquid state
Edward Purcell -solid state

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12
Q

Used to measure signal from solid to liquid

A

Spectroscopy

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13
Q

[year, person] invented MRI scanner INDOMITABLE, father of MRI

A

1977, Dr. Raymond Damadian

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14
Q

[year, person] national inventors hall of fame - contributed by experimenting an animals

A

1989 Dr. Raymond Damadian

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15
Q

[date] Damadian performed first whole body TRANSAXIAL PROTON DENSITY

A

July 3, 1977

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16
Q

time for scanning in first MRI Scanner

A

4 hrs and 5 min

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17
Q

Designed the implementing use of Gx, Gy and Gz. G (gradient)

A

Paul Lauterber

18
Q

[year, person] developed ECHOPLANAR IMAGING TECHNIQUE

A

1933 Peter Mansfield

19
Q

Vector quantity made up of a north and south pole

A

MF

20
Q

Atoms are composed of:

A

electrons, nucleus ( protons and neutrons)

21
Q

Most commonly used particle on MRI, nucleus is only made of 1 proton, also known as hydrogen

A

protium

22
Q

[proton spin] 3 Atomic movements

A
  1. Electron rotate an orbit of particles
  2. Electron rotate on own axis
  3. Nucleus moving/spinning around own place
23
Q

Concentration of hydrogen atoms in tissue

A

Spin density

24
Q

high density (high hydrogen atom) = higher signal

A

Wobbling

25
Q

Pathway for rotation

A

Precession

26
Q

Spin of the nuclues

A

Angular momentum

27
Q

provides direction

A

Applied MF

28
Q

The frequency at which the nucleus precess is a function of both the strength of the MF and particular nuclear

A

Larmour Relationship

29
Q

Larmour Relationship

A

The frequency at which the nucleus precess is a function of both the strength of the MF and particular nuclear

30
Q

Frequency used to stimulate H atoms, absorbs then release signal

A

1-100 MHz

31
Q

Energy applied to pt, lower part of EM Spectrum, absorbed by nucleus

A

RF

32
Q

Summation of all the magnetic moments of the individual nuclei

A

Net magnetization

33
Q

Explain phase coherent (one direction)

A

Happens only introduction of magnetism
Photons precess at the same Larmour frequency in MHz and synchronized at the same point of phase

34
Q

Photons precess at the same Larmour frequency in MHz and synchronized at the same point of phase

A

Phase coherent

35
Q

Explain Free Precession (incoherent)

A

H is in any direction, natural state
Each proton precess at their own phase and is unsynchronized

36
Q

Each proton precess at their own phase and is unsynchronized

A

Free Precession

37
Q

Other name for Relaxation time: T1

A

Spin Lattice RT/ Longitudinal RT

38
Q

Energy is transferred from the excited proton (spin) to the molecular surrounding (lattice)

A

Spin lattice

39
Q

Time for the transverse component of net magnetism to decay at 37% of its original value

A

Relaxation time/T2

40
Q

Other name for relaxation time/T2

A

Spin spin relaxation time

41
Q

Signals becomes week and net magnetization goes to free phase

A

Decay/dephase

MRI (7 decks)

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