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Mammography > Part I > Flashcards

Part I Flashcards

1
Q

Location of breast vertically

A

Clavicle meet abdominal wall
Level of second or third rib meet at the level of the sixth to seventh rib

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2
Q

Location of breast horizontally

A

Extend laterally to the edge of the latissimus dorsi muscle and medally to midsternum

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3
Q

Breast tissues can form anywhere this line
Extends from each side of the body;
Extend from axilla groin

A

Milk Bridge/Line

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4
Q

Lies on superficial fascia, muscles:

A

A. Pectoralis major
B. Serratous anterior
C. External oblique

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5
Q

A layer of adipose tissue and connective fascia, separate the breast from pectoralis major

A

Retromammary Space

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6
Q

Projection where the retromammary space is visible

A

Mediolateral Oblique Projection (MLO)
20% can be seen in caudocranial projection

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7
Q

Most secure part of the breast

A

Superior and medial portion

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8
Q

Most mobile part of the breast

A

Lateral and inferior portion

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9
Q

Represent point of attachment of the most inferior portion of breast to the chest wall.
(Line inferior to meet abdominal wall to clavicle)

A

Inframammry line/fold/crease

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10
Q

Many small protrusions on its surface of areola
Opening of ducts of the Montgomery’s glands

A

Morgagni’s tubercles

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11
Q

Sebaceous type providing lubrication during lactation
Useful in localizing possible masses

A

Montgomery’s gland

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12
Q

Upper outer quadrant - extends toward axilla

A

Axillary tail, tail of breast or sperve

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13
Q

Describe the relationship to nipple posterior closest to chest wall

A

Region Method

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14
Q

Deep Anatomy (tree)

A

Mammary Duct → Lobes (15-20) → lobules (10-100) → TDLU -ETD → ITD

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15
Q

Responsible for milk production
Where most cancers originate
Lined with epithelial and myoepithelial cells

A

Terminal Ductal lobular units

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16
Q

Located at the end terminal ductile

A

Interlobular terminal duct (ITD)

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17
Q

Small duct leading to the interlobular terminal duct

A

Extralobular terminal duct (ETD)

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18
Q

Milk production element of the breast

A

Acinus

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19
Q

Enlargement of male breast

A

Gynecomastia

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20
Q

Male Breast Cancer Risk Factors

A
  1. Age
  2. Heredity
  3. Breast Cancer Gene
  4. Radiation Exposure
  5. Use of hormones
  6. Klinefelter’s Syndrome - male with extra x chromosome
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21
Q

Main purpose of breast

A

Provide nourishment for the newborn

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22
Q

Fibrous branches in a breast is also called [..] that support breast tissue

A

Cooper’s ligament or suspensory ligament

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23
Q

Development of the mammary gland

A

Mamogenesis

24
Q

One of the few tissues which can repeatedly undergo growth, functional differentiation and regression

A

Mammary gland

25
[..] predominates in first trimester
Ductal Sprouting
26
[…] occurs more in second trimester
Lobular sprouting
27
[development of mammary gland] SIXTH WEEK DE.I.MD
-DOWNGROWTH of EPIDERMIS into underlying mesenchyme -CHANGES occur in response to INDUCTIVE INFLUENCE -MG DOWNGROWTHS
28
[development of mammary gland] 4th WEEK C.L.P
-MAMMARY CRESTS appear -persists in the pectoral area where breast develops an attachment primary bud give rise to several secondary MAMMARY BUDS that develop into LACTIFEROUS DUCTS and their branches -form 15-19 lactiferous ducts by end of term (canalization induced by PLACENTAL hormones)
29
[embryology] WEEKS 4-6 M.E
Develop MILK RIDGES IN thoracic region ECTODERMAL STREAKS from axilla to the groin
30
[embryology] WEEKS 6-8
Mammary RIDGES INVOLUTE (leave one bud in pectoral area) INVGINATION of chest wall mesenchyme
31
[embryology] WEEKS 12-16 D.E.G
-DIFFERENCE of SMOOTH muscle to NIPPLE and AREOLA -EPITHELIAL BUDS and branching buds -GLANDULAR COMB of breast
32
[embryology] Weeks 16 to 20 H.A
-HAIR FOLLICLES, APOCRINE glands and glands of MONTGOMERY -APPEARANCE of PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS of breast parenchyma
33
[embryology] THIRD TRIMESTER E.N.MA.L
-EPIDERMIS DEPRESSES into shallow mammary part -N-A COMPLEX ENLARGES & develops PIGMENTATION -MAMMARY DUCTS CANALIZE -LOBLES begin differentiation
34
[embryology] NEONATAL C.O.H.O
-CON. TISSUE PROLIFERATES causing the nipple to ERECT -HORMONALLY stimulated -LOBULAR TISSUE may secrete colostrum
35
[development of mammary gland] CHILDHOOD AND PUBERTY M.A.P.B
-mammary ducts branch, give rise to TDLUs -adipose cells proliferate, enlarge and extend into subcutaneous tissue -periductal tissues increases. Blood vessels proliferate
36
Indicate sexuality and monitoring aging
TANNER PHASES OF PUBERTAL BREAST DEV’T
37
Menarche Phases
Proliferative phase (Follicular phase of Ovary) - day 3-14 Secretory phase (Luteal Phase of Ovary) - day 15-28
38
Proliferative Phase O.I.L.L
-overall regression of breast epithelial -increase in ovarian estrogen (pituitary) -less dense stroma -low breast volume and water content
39
Secretory Phase
-stroma density increases -Ductal epithelium proliferates -water content increases -clinical symp : increased interlobular fluid & generalized lobular proliferation
40
Hormones that rise during pregnancy
Estrogen, progesterone, prolactin
41
[pregnancy] WEEKS 5-9 B.I
-breast enlargement -increase in nipple-areolar complex pigmentation
42
[pregnancy] SECOND HALF OF PREGNANCY P.S.C
-progressive lobular proliferation -stromal and far elements increase -colostrum accumulate in alveoli
43
LACTATION
-interm post partum enlargement due to colostrum accumulation -milk secreted into alveoli 3-7days postpartum
44
Hormones for Ductal growth Every Girl Calls Rex
Estrogen Growth hormone Cortisol Relaxin
45
Hormones for lobuloalveolar growth Private Girls Caress Perfect Rex
Progesterone growth factor cortisol Prolactin Relaxin
46
Types of Lobules
Type I -Virginal Lobule (breast at birth) Type 2 - breast at puberty Type 3 - breast during pregnancy Type 4 - breast with milk
47
Hormones promoting initiation of milk production
Lactogenic Hormones
48
Lactogenic Hormones Athletic Perky Hot Cops with T&G
Alveolar cells Prolactin Human chronic somatomammotropic hormone Cortisol Thyroid and growth hormone
49
Hormones that promote contraction of myoepithelial cells
Galactokinetic Hormones Oxytocin Vasopressin (1%-20% powerful as oxytocin)
50
Secrete complete mixture of sugars, proteins and lipids
Epithelial alveolar cells
51
Milk (1-5 days) reach in proteins, minerals, immunoglobuline, anti inflammatory factors
Colostrum
52
Milk (>30 days) larger quantity that colostrum
Natural milk
53
Milk, thin, proteins, lactose, water and other nutrients
Foremilk
54
Milk; more fat, whiter, provide energy of a feed
Hindmilk
55
Other Compositions of milk
Growth factor, cortisol, insulin, thyroxine and prolactin

Mammography (7 decks)

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