Handout Flashcards

1
Q

External anatomy of breast

A

Skin
Nipple
Areola

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2
Q

Skin is composed of [..]

A

Sudoriferous glands
Subcutaneous glands
Hair follicles

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3
Q

Innervation of skin

A

Lateral cutaneous branches of 2nd to 6th ribs

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4
Q

Arterial supply of the skin [medial breast surface]

A

Arises from anterior intercostal artery branches

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5
Q

Artery supply [lateral breast surface]

A

Lateral thoracic artery and posterior intercostal artery

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6
Q

Venous drainage [medial breast surface]

A

Intercostal artery branches

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7
Q

Venous drainage [lateral breast surface]

A

Lateral thoracic artery branches
Posterior intercostal artery branches

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8
Q

Lymphatic drainage (3) types

A

Breast tissue drainage
Periareolar lymphatic drainage
Cutaneous anatomical lymph channels

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9
Q

Lymphatic drainage [breast tissue drainage]

A

Dermal lymphatics and periareolar lymphatic

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10
Q

Lymphatic drainage [Periareolar lymphatic drainage]

A

Axillary and internal mammary lymphatics

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11
Q

Lymphatic drainage [Cutaneous anatomical lymph channels]

A

Potential pathways for the spread of contralateral breast cancer

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12
Q

Appears as a thin, continuous, radiopaque rim homogenous in density, approx 1 mm thin

A

Cutaneous anatomical lymph channels

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13
Q

Nipple [location]

A

Project at the level of 4th intercostal space in the non-pendulous breast

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14
Q

Conical shape with an average height of 10-12 mm

A

Nipple

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15
Q

Orifices of nipple

A

8-12 major duct orifices at the bases of crevices

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16
Q

Present to facilitate nipple function during nursing
Expedite nipple erection

A

Subdermal smooth muscle

17
Q

Can be up to 3-5 mm thick, central opacity, roughly cylindrical in shape and of variable size and density

18
Q

Contains smooth muscle in contiguity with nipple smooth muscle

A

Areolar dermis

19
Q

Areola [lymphatic drainage]

A

From subareolar (Sappey) plexus to axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes

20
Q

Highly pigmented; covered by stratified squamous epithelium
Increases pigmentation and size during puberty and further, during pregnacy

A

Nipple-Areolar Complex

21
Q

Functional unit of the breast, composed of acini

A

Terminal ducal lobular unit (TDLU)

22
Q

Three layers of acini and ducts

A

Basement Membrane
Myoepithelial Layer
Epithelial Lining

23
Q

[acini & duct layer] acts as a barrier to the spread of cancer; if breached carcinoma is termed as invasive

A

Basement membrane

24
Q

[acini & duct layer] help in forming basement membrane

A

Myoepithelial membrane

25
[acini & duct layer] usually only one cell thick Further proliferation leads to hyperplasia
Epithelial lining
26
Arterial supply
Blood supply Main arterial supply Superomedial perforator supply Additional arterial supply
27
[arterial supply] blood supply
Subdermal complex
28
[arterial supply] main arterial supply
Perforating branches of the internal mammary artery ( most noticeable the second to fifth perforators)
29
[arterial supply] superomedial perforator supply
Internal mammary artery 60% of the total breast arterial blood supply
30
[arterial supply] additional arterial supply
Thoracoacromial artery Lateral thoracic artery Intercostal arteries
31
Venous drainage
Axillary vein Internal mammary and thoracic veins Superficial venous - internal thoracic vein Deep venous - perforating branches of the internal thoracic vein, lateral thoracic, axillary vein and upper intercostal vein
32
Lymphatic drainage
Begins in PERILOBULAR PLEXUS (con. tissue in stroma) → LACTIFEROUS DUCTS → SUBAREOLAR PLEXUS (lymphatic fluid flows) Breast drains into AXILLARY, SUBSCAPULAR, CENTRAL, PECTORAL, APICAL and CLAVICULAR NODE groups LATERALLY PARASTERNAL (INTERNAL MAMMARY NODES MEDIALLY
33
First node to which cancer cells are most likely to spread from a primary tumor; in breast carcinoma, this is most likely to lie low in the axilla
Sentinel lymph node
34
Three Groups of Axillary Lymph Nodes
Level I Level II Level III
35
[axillary lymph nodes group] lie lateral to the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle and can extend into the axillary tail
Level I
36
[axillary lymph nodes group] lie beneath the pectoralis minor muscle
Level II
37
[axillary lymph nodes group] ie medially and superiority to the pectoralis minor muscle up to the clavicle
Level III