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Mammography > Handout > Flashcards

Handout Flashcards

1
Q

External anatomy of breast

A

Skin
Nipple
Areola

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2
Q

Skin is composed of [..]

A

Sudoriferous glands
Subcutaneous glands
Hair follicles

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3
Q

Innervation of skin

A

Lateral cutaneous branches of 2nd to 6th ribs

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4
Q

Arterial supply of the skin [medial breast surface]

A

Arises from anterior intercostal artery branches

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5
Q

Artery supply [lateral breast surface]

A

Lateral thoracic artery and posterior intercostal artery

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6
Q

Venous drainage [medial breast surface]

A

Intercostal artery branches

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7
Q

Venous drainage [lateral breast surface]

A

Lateral thoracic artery branches
Posterior intercostal artery branches

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8
Q

Lymphatic drainage (3) types

A

Breast tissue drainage
Periareolar lymphatic drainage
Cutaneous anatomical lymph channels

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9
Q

Lymphatic drainage [breast tissue drainage]

A

Dermal lymphatics and periareolar lymphatic

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10
Q

Lymphatic drainage [Periareolar lymphatic drainage]

A

Axillary and internal mammary lymphatics

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11
Q

Lymphatic drainage [Cutaneous anatomical lymph channels]

A

Potential pathways for the spread of contralateral breast cancer

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12
Q

Appears as a thin, continuous, radiopaque rim homogenous in density, approx 1 mm thin

A

Cutaneous anatomical lymph channels

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13
Q

Nipple [location]

A

Project at the level of 4th intercostal space in the non-pendulous breast

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14
Q

Conical shape with an average height of 10-12 mm

A

Nipple

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15
Q

Orifices of nipple

A

8-12 major duct orifices at the bases of crevices

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16
Q

Present to facilitate nipple function during nursing
Expedite nipple erection

A

Subdermal smooth muscle

17
Q

Can be up to 3-5 mm thick, central opacity, roughly cylindrical in shape and of variable size and density

A

Areola

18
Q

Contains smooth muscle in contiguity with nipple smooth muscle

A

Areolar dermis

19
Q

Areola [lymphatic drainage]

A

From subareolar (Sappey) plexus to axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes

20
Q

Highly pigmented; covered by stratified squamous epithelium
Increases pigmentation and size during puberty and further, during pregnacy

A

Nipple-Areolar Complex

21
Q

Functional unit of the breast, composed of acini

A

Terminal ducal lobular unit (TDLU)

22
Q

Three layers of acini and ducts

A

Basement Membrane
Myoepithelial Layer
Epithelial Lining

23
Q

[acini & duct layer] acts as a barrier to the spread of cancer; if breached carcinoma is termed as invasive

A

Basement membrane

24
Q

[acini & duct layer] help in forming basement membrane

A

Myoepithelial membrane

25
Q

[acini & duct layer] usually only one cell thick
Further proliferation leads to hyperplasia

A

Epithelial lining

26
Q

Arterial supply

A

Blood supply
Main arterial supply
Superomedial perforator supply
Additional arterial supply

27
Q

[arterial supply] blood supply

A

Subdermal complex

28
Q

[arterial supply] main arterial supply

A

Perforating branches of the internal mammary artery ( most noticeable the second to fifth perforators)

29
Q

[arterial supply] superomedial perforator supply

A

Internal mammary artery
60% of the total breast arterial blood supply

30
Q

[arterial supply] additional arterial supply

A

Thoracoacromial artery
Lateral thoracic artery
Intercostal arteries

31
Q

Venous drainage

A

Axillary vein
Internal mammary and thoracic veins
Superficial venous - internal thoracic vein
Deep venous - perforating branches of the internal thoracic vein, lateral thoracic, axillary vein and upper intercostal vein

32
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A

Begins in PERILOBULAR PLEXUS (con. tissue in stroma) → LACTIFEROUS DUCTS → SUBAREOLAR PLEXUS (lymphatic fluid flows)
Breast drains into AXILLARY, SUBSCAPULAR, CENTRAL, PECTORAL, APICAL and CLAVICULAR NODE groups LATERALLY
PARASTERNAL (INTERNAL MAMMARY NODES MEDIALLY

33
Q

First node to which cancer cells are most likely to spread from a primary tumor; in breast carcinoma, this is most likely to lie low in the axilla

A

Sentinel lymph node

34
Q

Three Groups of Axillary Lymph Nodes

A

Level I
Level II
Level III

35
Q

[axillary lymph nodes group] lie lateral to the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle and can extend into the axillary tail

A

Level I

36
Q

[axillary lymph nodes group] lie beneath the pectoralis minor muscle

A

Level II

37
Q

[axillary lymph nodes group] ie medially and superiority to the pectoralis minor muscle up to the clavicle

A

Level III

Mammography (7 decks)

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