part 9 Flashcards
1
Q
The risk of bacterial meningitis increases with the number of contacts. With who does this disease predominantly occur?
A
school-age and teens
2
Q
How does bacterial meningitis occur?
A
- appears as an extension of other bacterial infections through vascular dissemination
- organisms spread through the CSF (as seen in other bacterial infections)
3
Q
What are the clinical manifestations of meningitis for the neonate?
A
- poor sucking
- N/V/D
- poor muscle tone, weak cry
- apnea
- seizures
- sepsis
- full, tense, bulging fontanel
- irritable
- hypo/hyperthermia
4
Q
What are the clinical manifestations of meningitis for the infant/child?
A
- fever
- poor feeding
- vomiting
- irritable
- seizures
- high pitched cry
- bulging anterior fontanel
5
Q
What are the clinical manifestations of meningitis for the child and adolescent?
A
- severe headache
- photophobia
- nuchal rigidity (neck soreness)
- fever
- altered LOC
- N/V
- agitation
- drowisness
- Brudzinski’s sign (hip and knee flexion when the neck is flexed)
- kernig’s sign (hamstring stiffness)
6
Q
How is meningitis diagnosed?
A
- lumbar puncture
- blood cultures
- nose and throat cultures (if CSF is negative)
7
Q
What is the treatment for acute bacterial meningitis?
A
-isolation and IV antibiotics
8
Q
What is the treatment for viral meningitis?
A
-treatment is symptomatic and supportive
9
Q
What vaccines should parents know will help prevent meningitis?
A
- HiB
- PCV
- Meningococcal
10
Q
What are the consequences of the meningitis sequelae?
A
- death
- DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
- increased ICP
- shock
- hearing loss
- seizures
- developmental delay
