part 13 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the etiology of hearing impairment?
A
- anatomic malformation
- family hx
- low birth weight
- ototoxic drugs, o2 administration
- chronic ear infections
- perinatal infections and asphyxia
- CP: cerebral palsy
2
Q
Which part of the ear does conductive hearing loss effect?
A
middle ear
3
Q
Which part of the ear does sensorineural hearing loss effect?
A
damage to inner ear or auditory nerve
4
Q
Which part of the ear does mixed (conductive-sensorineural) hearing loss effect?
A
interference with transmission of sound
5
Q
What is the therapeutic management of conductive hearing loss?
A
- antibiotics
- tubes
- hearing aid
6
Q
What is the therapeutic management of sensorineural hearing loss?
A
cochlear implant
7
Q
What are the manifestations of the infant with hearing impairment?
A
- lack of startle reflex
- absence of reaction to auditory stimuli
- absence of well-formed syllables by age 11 months
- general indifference to sound
- lack of response to spoken word
8
Q
How should we present information to a child with a hearing impairment?
A
- reassess understanding of instructions given
- supplement with visual and tactile devices
- communication devices: picture board, additional aids
9
Q
How can we prevent hearing impairment?
A
- treat recurrent otitis media
- genetic testing
- avoid ototoxic drugs
- testing to rule out syphilis, rubella, or blood incompatibility
- avoid noise pollution
10
Q
What is the etiology of visual impairment?
A
- prenatal or postnatal infections
- retinopathy of prematurity
- trauma
- postnatal infections
- other: sickle cell, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, tay-sachs disease
11
Q
What are the types of visual impairment?
A
- refraction: bending of light rays through the lens of the eye
- myopia: can see close not far
- hyperopia: can see objects at distance
- ambylopia: reduced visual acuity in one eye
- strabismus: inward or outward deviation of 1 eye.
