Part 61

Question 1

61.1 (applicability and definitions)

Answer 1

(a) this part prescribes:
(1) the requirements for issuing pilot, flight instructor, and ground instructor certificates and ratings; the conditions under which those certificates and ratings are necessary; and the privileges and limitations of those certificates and ratings

Question 2

61.3 (requirement for certs, ratings, and authorizations)

Answer 2

(1) has on person or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the privileges of that pilot cert or authorization:
(i) a pilot cert issued under this part and in accordance with 61.19
(ii) a special purpose pilot authorization issued under 61.77
(iii) a temporary certificate issued under 61.17
(2) has photo identification that is in that persons physical possession or readily accessible
(c) medical certificate:
(1) a person may serve as a required pilot flight crew member of an aircraft only if that person holds the appropriate medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter, or other documents acceptable to the FAA, that is in that persons physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft
(d) flight instructor certificate.
(1) a person who holds a flight instructor certificate issued under this part must have that certificate, or other documents acceptable to the administrator, in that persons physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the privileges of that flight instructor certificate

Question 3

61.5 (certs and ratings issued under this part)

Answer 3

(a) the following certs are issued under this part to an applicant who satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the cert sought:
(1) pilot certificates
(i) student pilot
(ii) sport pilot
(iii) recreational pilot
(iv) private pilot
(v) commercial pilot
(vi) airline transport pilot
(2) flight instructor certificates
(3) ground instructor certificates
(b) the following ratings are placed on a pilot cert (other than student pilot) when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the rating sought:
(1) aircraft category ratings:
(ii) rotorcraft
(3) rotorcraft class ratings:
(i) helicopter
(ii) gyro plane
(8) instrument ratings (on private and commercial pilot certs only)
(ii) instrument - helicopter
(c) the following ratings are placed on a flight instructor certificate when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the rating sought:
(1) aircraft category ratings
(ii) rotorcraft
(3) rotorcraft class ratings
(i) helicopter
(ii) gyro plane
(4) instrument ratings
(ii) instrument helicopter

Question 4

61.15 (offenses involving alcohol or drugs)

Answer 4

(1) denial of an application for any cert, rating, or authorization issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of final conviction or
(2) suspension or revocation of any cert, rating or authorization issued under this part

Question 5

61.17 (temporary certificate)

Answer 5

(a) A temporary pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor certificate or rating is issued for up to 120 days, at which time a permanent certificate will be issued to a person whom the administrator find qualified under this part

Question 6

61.19 (duration of pilot and instructor certs)

Answer 6

(b) for student pilots who have not reached their 40th birthday, the student pilot cert does not expire until 60 calendar months after the month of the date of examination shown on the med cert
(2) for student pilots over 40 does not expire for 24 calendar months
(d) flight instructor certs. Except as specified in 61.197(b), a flight instructor cert expires 24 calendar months from the month in which it was issued, renewed, or reinstated, as appropriate

Question 7

61.29 (replacement of a lost or destroyed airman medical cert or knowledge test report)

Answer 7

Letter requesting replacement of the lost certificate to the appropriate administration of the FAA or an acceptable online form through the FAA (including payment)

Question 8

61.31 (type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements)

Answer 8

(a) type ratings required. A person who acts as a PIC of any of the following aircraft must hold a type rating for that aircraft
(1) large aircraft (except lighter-than-air)(12500)
(2) turbojet powered airplanes
(3) other aircraft specified by the administrator

Question 9

61.35 (knowledge test: prerequisites and passing grades)

Answer 9

(1) received an endorsement, if required by this part, from an authorized instructor certifying that the applicant accomplished the appropriate ground-training or home-study course required by this part for the certificate or rating sought and is prepared for the knowledge test;
(3) proper identification at the time of application that contains the applicants
(i) photograph
(ii) signature
(iii) date of birth
(iv) if permanent mailing address is a P.O. Box number, then the applicant must provide a current residential address

Question 10

61.37 (knowledge tests: cheating or other unauthorized conduct)

Answer 10

(b) an Applicant who the administrator finds has committed an act prohibited by paragraph (a) of this section is prohibited, for 1 year after the date of committing that act from:
(1) applying for any certificate, rating, or authorizations issued under this chapter and
(2) applying for and taking any test under this chapter
(3) any certificate or rating held by an applicant may be suspended or revoked if the administrator finds that person has changed committed an act prohibited by paragraph (a) of this section

Question 11

61.39 (prerequisites for practical tests)

Answer 11

(1) pass the knowledge test:
(i) with in the 24 calendar month period preceding the month the applicant completes the practical test, if a knowledge test is required or
(2) presents the knowledge test report at the time of application for the practical test; if a knowledge test is required
(3) have satisfactorily accomplished the required training and obtained the aeronautical experience prescribed by this part for the certificate or rating sought
(4) hold at least a 3rd class medical certificate, if med cert is required
(5) meet the prescribed age requirement of this part for the issuance of the certificate or rating sought
(6) have an endorsement, if required by by this part, in the applicants logbook or training records that has been signed by an authorized instructor who certifies the applicant
(i) has received and logged training time within 2 calendar months preceding the month of application in preparation for the practical test and
(ii) has demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in which the applicant was deficient on the airman knowledge test and
(7) have a completed and signed application form

Question 12

61.43 (practical tests general procedures)

Answer 12

(1) performing the tasks specified in the areas of operation for the airman cert or rating sought within the approved practical test standards
(2) demonstrating mastery of the aircraft by performing each task successfully
(3) demonstrating proficiency and competency within the approved standards and;
(4) demonstrating sound judgment

Question 13

61.49 (retesting after failure)

Answer 13

(a) an applicant for a knowledge or practical test who fails that test may reapply for the test only after the applicant has received:
(1) the necessary training from an authorized instructor who has determined that the applicant is proficient to pass the test and:
(2) an endorsement from an authorized instructor who gave the applicant the additional training

Question 14

61.51 (pilot logbooks)

Answer 14

(1) training time and aeronautical experience used to meet the requirements for a cert, rating, or flight review of this part
(2) the aeronautical experience required for meeting recent flight experience requirements of this part
(b) logbook entries. Each person must enter the following information for each flight or lesson logged
(1) general
(i) date
(ii) total flight time or lesson
(iii) location where the aircraft departed and arrived
(iv) type and identification of aircraft
(v) the name of a safety pilot, if required by 91.109
(2) type of pilot training or experience
(i) solo
(ii) PIC
(iii) second in command
(iv) flight and ground training received from an authorized instructor
(3) conditions of flight
(i) day or night
(ii) actual instrument
(iii) simulated instrument conditions (view limiting device/simulator)
(c) logging pilot time: pilot time may be used to:
(1) apply for a cert or rating issued under this part or a privilege authorized under this part
(2) satisfy the recent flight experience requirements of this part
(d) logging solo flight time: may only log solo flight when pilot is the only occupant of the aircraft
(e) logging PIC time
(1) a sport recreational, private, can’t commercial, or airline transport pilot may log PIC flight time for flights-
(i) when the pilot is the sole manipulator of the controls of the aircraft for which the pilot is rated
(ii) when the pilot is the sole occupant
(iv) when the pilot performs the duties of PIC while under supervision of a qualified PIC
(D) the supervising PIC logs the PIC training in the pilots logbook, certifies the PIC training in the pilots logbook and attests to that certification with his or her signature and flight instructor cert number
(3) a CFI may log PIC time for all flight time while serving as the authorized instructor in an operation if the instructor is rat d to act as PIC of that aircraft

Question 15

61.56 (flight review)

Answer 15

(a) except as provided in paragraph (b) and (f) of this section, a flight review consists of a minimum of 1 hour flight training and 1 hour of ground training. The review must include
(1) a review of the current general operating and flight rules of part 91 of this chapter; and
(2) a review of those maneuvers and procedures that, at the discretion of the person giving the review, are necessary for the pilot to demonstrate the safe exercise of the privileges of the pilot cert
(c) except as provided in paragraphs (d), (e), and (g) of this section, no person may act as PIC of an aircraft unless, since beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as PIC, that person has-
(1) accomplished a flight review given in an aircraft for which that pilot is rated by an authorized instructor; and
(2) a logbook endorsed from an authorized instructor who gave the review certifying that the person has satisfactorily completed the review
(d) a person who has, within the period specified in paragraph (c) of this section, passed any of the following need not accomplish the flight review required by this section
(1) a pilot proficiency check o practical test conducted by an examiner, an approved pilot check airman, or a U.S. Armed force, for a pilot cert, rating, or a operating privilege
(2) a practical test conducted by an examiner for the issuance of a flight instructor cert, renewal of a flight instructor cert, or reinstatement of a flight instructor cert
(e) a person who has, within the period specified in paragraph (c) of this section, satisfactorily accomplishes one or more phases of an FAA sponsored pilot proficiency award program need not accomplish the flight review required by this section
(f) a person who holds a flight instructor cert who has, within the period specified in paragraph (c) of this section, satisfactorily completed a renewal of a flight instructor cert under provisions in 61.197 need not accomplish the 1 hour of ground training specified in paragraph (a)

Question 16

61.57 (recent flight experience: PIC)

Answer 16

(1) except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act as a PIC of an aircraft carrying passengers or of an aircraft certified for more than one pilot flight crew member unless that person has made at least three takeoff and landing ps within the preceding 90 days, and-
(i) the person acted as the sole manipulator of the flight controls and
(ii) the required takeoff and landings were performed in the same category, class and type (if type ratings is required)
(2) for the purpose of meeting the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section a person may act as PIC of an aircraft under VFR or day IFR provided no persons or property are carried aboard the aircraft other than those necessary to conduct the flight
(b) night takeoff and landing in experience
To act as PIC must have accomplished within 1 hour after sunset and ending one hour before sunrise within the preceding 90 days 3 take offs and 3 landings to a full stop
(i) Must act as sole manipulator of flight controls
(ii) 3 takeoffs and landings in same category and class and type to be flown

Question 17

61.60 (change of address)

Answer 17

Holder of a pilot or ground cert that has changed there permanent mailing address may not exercise the privileges of that cert unless they have notified in writing within 30 days of the change of address. By mail or online at FAA.gov

Question 18

61.83 (eligibility requirements for student pilots)

Answer 18

(a) must be 16 years of age

(c) be able to read write speak and understand English

Question 19

61.85 (application)

Answer 19

A student pilot cert is made on a form and in a manner provided by the administrator and is submitted to

(a) designated aviation medical examiner if applying for an FAA medical cert under part 67
(b) an examiner or
(c) a flight standards district office

Question 20

61.87 (solo requirements for student pilots)

Answer 20

(b) aeronautical knowledge. Must demonstrate satisfactory aeronautical knowledgable on a knowledge test that meets the requirements of this paragraph
(1) the test must address the student pilots knowledge of:
(i) applicable sections of parts 61 and 91
(ii) airspace rules and procedures for the airport where the solo flight will be performed and:
(iii) flight characteristics and operational limitations for make and model to be flown
(2) the students authorized instructor must:
(i) administrator the test and
(ii) at the conclusion of the test review all incorrect answers with student before authorizing student to conduct solo flight
(c) pre-solo flight training. Student pilot must have
(1) received and logged flight training for the maneuvers and procedures of this section that are appreciate to make and model to be flown
(2) demonstrated satisfactory proficiency and safety, as judged by an authorized instructor, on the maneuvers and procedures required by this section in the make and model to be flown
(f) maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in a helicopter
(1) proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, POWERPLANT operation, and aircraft systems
(2) taxing, including run-ups
(3) takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind
(4) straight and level flight, including turns in both directions
(5) climbs and turning climbs
(6) airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures
(7) collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance
(8) descents with and without turns
(9) flight at various speeds
(10) emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions
(11) ground reference maneuvers
(12) approaches to landing area
(13) hovering and hovering turns
(14) go-arounds
(15) simulated emergency procedures, including autorotional descents with a power recovery and power recovery to a hover
(16) rapid deceleration
(n) limitations on student pilots operating and aircraft solo
(1) an endorsement from an authorized instructor on his student pilot cert for the specific make and model to be flown and:
(2) an endorsement in the student pilots logbook for the specific make and model of aircraft to be flown within the preceding 90 days of the date of the flight

Question 21

61.93 (solo cross-country flight requirements)

Answer 21

(3) a student pilot must have received ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the cross-country maneuvers and procedures listed in this section that are appropriate to the aircraft to be flown
(b) authorization to perform solo flights and cross-country flights. A student pilot must obtain an endorsement from an authorized instructor to make solo flights from the airport where the student receives training to another location. A student pilot who receives this endorsement must comply with the requirements of this paragraph
(1) solo flights may be made to another airport that is within 25 nautical miles from the airport where student pilot normally receives training provided
(i) an authorized instructor has given the student pilot flight training at the other airport, and that training includes flight in both directions over the route, entering and exiting the traffic pattern, and takeoffs and landings at the other airport
(c) endorsements for solo cross-country flights. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, a student pilot must have the endorsements prescribed in this paragraph for each solo cross-country flight
(1) student pilot cert endorsement. A student pilot must have a solo cross-country endorsement from the authorized instructor who conducted the training, and that endorsement must be placed on that persons student pilot cert for the specific category and class to be flown.
(2) logbook endorsement
(i) a student pilot must have a solo cross-country endorsement from an authorized instructor that is placed in the student pilots logbook for the specific make and model to be flown
(ii) for each cross-country flight, the authorized instructor who reviews cross-country planning must make an endorsement in the persons logbook after reviewing that persons cross-country planning specified in paragraph (d) of this section the endorsement must -
(A) specify the make and model to be flown
(B) state the students preflight planning and preparation is correct and that the student is prepared to make the flight safely under the known conditions and
(C) state the limitations required by the students authorized instructor are met
(d) limitations on authorized instructors to permit solo cross-country flights. An authorized instructor may not permit a student pilot to conduct solo cross-country flight unless that instructor has
(1) determined that students cross-country planning is correct for the flight
(2) reviewed the current and forecasted weather conditions and has determined that the flight can be completed under VFR
(3) determined that the student is proficient to conduct the flight safely
(4) determined that the student has the appropriate solo cross-country endorsement for the make and model to be flown and
(5) determined that the student solo flight endorsement is current and for the make and model to be flown
(g) maneuvers and procedures for cross-country flight training in a helicopter. A student pilot who is receiving training for cross-country flight in a helicopter must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures
(1) use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass
(2) use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight
(3) procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognition of critical weather situations and estimating visibility in flight
(4) emergency procedures
(5) traffic patter procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and final approach
(6) procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance
(7) recognition, avoidance and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross-country flight will be flown
(8) procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications
(9) use of radios for VFR navigation and two way communications and
(10) takeoff, approach and landing procedures

Question 22

61.103 (eligibility requirements general Private Pilots)

Answer 22

To be eligible for a private pilot cert a person must:

(a) be at least 17 years of age
(c) be able to read write speak and understand English
(d) receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:
(1) conducted the training or reviewed the persons home study on aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.105(b) of this part and apply to the aircraft rating sought and
(2) certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test
(e) pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.105(b)
(f) receive flight training and logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:
(1) Conducted the training in the areas of operation listed in 61.107(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought and
(2) certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test
(g) meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought before applying for the practical test
(h) pass a practical test on the areas of operation listed in 61.107(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought
(i) comply with the appropriate sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought
(j) hold a US student pilot cert

Question 23

61.105 (aeronautical knowledge areas Private Pilot)

Answer 23

(b) aeronautical knowledge areas
(1) applicable federal aviation regulations of this chapter that relate to private pilot privileges, limitations and flight operations
(2) accident reporting requirements of the NTSB
(3) use of applicable portions of the AIM and FAA AC
(4) use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage, dead reckoning and navigation systems
(5) radio communication procedures
(6) recognition of critical weather situations from the ground and inflight, windshear avoidance, and the procurement and use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts
(7) safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including collision avoidance and recognition avoidance of wake turbulence
(8) effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance
(9) weight and balance computations
(10) principles of aerodynamics, power plant, and aircraft systems
(12) aeronautical decision making and judgment
(13) preflight action that includes
(i) how to obtain information on runway lengths at airports of intended use, data on takeoff and landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel requirements
(ii) how to plan for alternatives if the planned flight cannot be completed or delays are encountered

Question 24

61.107 (flight proficiency private pilot)

Answer 24

(b) areas of operation
(3) for rotorcraft category rating with a helicopter class rating:
(i) preflight preparation
(ii) preflight procedures
(iii) airport and heliport operations
(iv) hovering maneuvers
(v) takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds
(vi) performance maneuvers
(vii) navigation
(viii) emergency operations
(ix) night operations, except as provided in 61.110 of this part
(x) post flight procedures

Question 25

61.109 (aeronautical experience Private Pilot)

Answer 25

(c) for helicopter rating. Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, a person who applies for a private pilot cert with rotorcraft category class rating must have logged at least 40 hours of flight time that includes at least 20 hours flight training from an authorized instructor and 10 hours solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in 61.107(b)(3) of this part and must include at least:
(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a helicopter
(2) except as provided in 61.110 of this part 3 hours of night flight training in a helicopter that includes:
(i) one cross-country flight of over 50 nautical miles total distance and
(ii) 10 takeoffs and landings to a full stop with each landing evolving a flight in the traffic pattern at the airport
(3) 3 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in a helicopter in preparation for the practical test, which must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test and
(4) 10 hours of solo cross-country flight time in a helicopter consisting of at least
(i) 3 hours cross-country time
(ii) one solo cross-country flight of 100 nautical miles total distance, with landings at 3 points and one segment of the flight being a straight line distance of more than 25 nautical miles between takeoff and landing locations and
(iii) three takeoffs and 3 landings to a full stop with each involving a flight in the traffic pattern at an airport with an operating control tower

Question 26

61.110 (night flying exceptions)

Answer 26

(c) a person who does not meet the night flying requirements in 61.109 may be issued a private pilot cert with the limitation night flying prohibited. This limitation may be removed by an examiner if the holder complies with the requirements

Question 27

61.123 (eligibility requirements for commercial pilots)

Answer 27

(a) be at least 18
(b) read write speak and understand the English language
(c) receive logbook endorsement
(1) conducted home study course for aeronautical knowledge test for category and class
(2) certified person is prepared for the required knowledge test
(d) pass required knowledge test
(e) receive required training and logbook endorsement certifying the person is prepared for practical test
(g) pass required practical test
(h) hold at least a private pilot cert or meet requirements of 61.73

Question 28

61.125 (aeronautical knowledge Commercial Pilot)

Answer 28

(a) general. A person who applies for a commercial pilot cert must receive and log ground training or complete a home study course on the aeronautical knowledge areas of (b) for the category and class rating sought
(b) aeronautical knowledge areas
(1) applicable federal aviation regulations of this chapter that relate to commercial pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations
(2) accident reporting of the NTSB
(3) basic aerodynamics and principles of flight
(4) meteorology to include recognition of critical weather situations, windshear recognition and avoidance, and use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts
(5) safe and efficient operation of aircraft
(6) weight and balance computations
(7) use of performance charts
(8) significance and effects of exceeding aircraft performance limitations
(9) use of aeronautical charts and magnetic compass for pilotage and dead reckoning
(10) use of air navigation facilities
(11) aeronautical decision making and judgment
(12) principles and functions of aircraft systems
(13) maneuvers, procedures, and emergency operations appropriate to aircraft
(14) night and high altitude operations
(15) procedures for operating within the national airspace system

Question 29

61.127 (flight proficiency commercial pilot)

Answer 29

(a) a person applying for a commercial pilot cert must receive and log ground and flight trying on the areas of operation of this section for category and class
(b) areas of operation:
(3) for a rotorcraft category ratings with a helicopter class rating
(i) preflight preparation
(ii) preflight procedures
(iii) airport and heliport operations
(iv) hovering maneuvers
(v) takeoffs, landings, and go arounds
(vi) performance maneuvers
(vii) navigation
(viii) emergency operations
(ix) special operations
(x) post flight procedures

Question 30

61.129 (aeronautical experience commercial pilot)

Answer 30

(c) for a helicopter rating. Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, a person who applies for a commercial pilot cert with a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating must log at least 150 hours of flight time as a pilot that consists of at least:
(1) 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 must be in helicopters
(2) 100 hours of PIC flight time which includes at least-
(i) 35 hours in helicopters and
(ii) 10 hours in cross-country flight in helicopters
(3) 20 hours of training on the areas of operation listed in 61.127(b)(3) of this part that includes at least-
(i) five hours on the control and maneuvering of a helicopter solely by reference to instruments using a view-limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or an aviation training device
(ii) one 2 hour cross-country flight in a helicopter in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure
(iii) one 2 hour cross-country flight in a helicopter in night time conditions that consists of a total straight line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure and
(iv) three hours in a helicopter with an authorized instructor in preparation for practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test
(4) ten hours of solo flight time in a helicopter or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of PIC in a helicopter with an authorized instructor on board
(i) one cross-country flight with landings at a minimum of three points, with one segment consisting of a straight line distance of at least 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure
(ii) 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern

Question 31

61.133 (commercial pilot privileges and limitations)

Answer 31

May act as PIC carrying persons or property for compensation or hire

Question 32

Part 61 sub part H

Answer 32

Flight instructors

Question 33

61.181 (applicability flight instructor)

Answer 33

This subpart prescribes the requirements for issuance of flight instructor certs and ratings the conditions under which those certs and ratings are necessary, and the limitations on those certs and ratings

Question 34

61.183 (eligibility requirements Flight Instructor)

Answer 34

(a) be at least 18
(b) read write speak and understand English
(c) hold a commercial pilot cert or ATP cert
(1) an aircraft category and class rating that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought and
(2) an instrument rating or privileges on that persons pilot cert that are appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought if applying for
(iv) a flight instructor cert with an instrument rating
(d) receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor on the fundamentals of instructing listed in 61.185 of this part appropriate to the required knowledge test
(e) pass a knowledge test on the areas listed in 61.185 unless the applicant
(1) holds a flight instructor cert or ground instructor cert issued under this part
(2) holds a teachers cert issued by a state, city, or municipality that authorizes the person to teach at an education level of 7th grade or higher; or
(3) is employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university
(f) pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical areas listed in 61.185 appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought
(g) receive a logbook endorsement on areas of operation listed in 61.187 appropriate for the rating sought
(h) pass the required practical test that is appropriate for the rating sought

Question 35

61.185 (aeronautical knowledge Flight Instructor)

Answer 35

(a) a person applying for a flight instructor cert must receive and log ground training on:
(1) except as provided in paragraph (b), the fundamentals of instructing, including
(i) the learning process
(ii) elements of effective teaching
(iii) student evaluation and testing
(iv) course development
(v) lesson planning and
(vi) classroom training techniques
(2) the aeronautical knowledge areas for a recreational, private, and commercial pilot cert applicable to the aircraft category for which flight instructor privileges are sought
(b) following applicants do not need to comply with paragraph (a)(1) of this section
(1) holder of a flight instructor cert
(2) holder of a teachers cert
(3) a person employed as a teacher at a college or university

Question 36

61.187 (flight proficiency flight instructor)

Answer 36

(a) general. A person who is applying for a flight instructor cert must receive and log flight and ground training on the areas of operation listed in this section that apply to the flight instructor rating sought. The applicants logbook must contain an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the person is proficient to pass the practical test on those areas of operation
(3) for a rotorcraft category with a helicopter class rating
(i) fundamentals of instructing
(ii) technical subject areas
(iii) preflight preparation
(iv) preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight
(v) preflight procedures
(vi) airport and heliport operations
(vii) hovering maneuvers
(viii) takeoffs, landings, and go arounds
(ix) fundamentals of flight
(x) performance maneuvers
(xi) emergency operations
(xii) special operations
(xiii) post flight procedures

Question 37

61.189 (flight instructor records)

Answer 37

(a) a flight instructor must sign the logbook of each person to whom that instructor has given flight or ground training
(b) a flight instructor must maintain a record in a logbook or separate document that contains the following
(1) the name of each person who’s logbook or student cert that the instructor has endorsed for solo flight privileges, and the date of the endorsement
(2) the name of each person that instructor has endorsed for a knowledge test or practical test, the record shall also indicate the kind of test, the date, and the results.
(c) each flight instructor must retain the records required by this section for at least 3 years

Question 38

61.193 (flight instructor privileges)

Answer 38

A person who holds a flight instructor cert is authorized within the limitations of that persons flight instructor cert and ratings to train and issue endorsements that are required for:

(a) a student pilot cert
(b) a pilot cert
(c) a flight instructor cert
(d) a ground instructor cert
(e) an aircraft rating
(f) an instrument rating
(g) a flight review, operating privileges, or recency of experience requirements of this part

Question 39

61.195 (flight instructor limitations and qualifications)

Answer 39

A person who holds a flight instructor cert is subject to the following limitations 
(a) hours of training. In any 24 consecutive hour period, a flight instructor may not conduct more than 8 hours of flight training 
(d) limitations on endorsements. A flight instructor may not endorse a:
(1) student pilot cert or logbook for solo flight privileges, unless that flight instructor has 
(i) given that student the flight training required for solo flight privileges required by this part and
(ii) determined that the student is prepared to conduct the flight safely under known circumstances, subject to limitations listed in the students logbook that the instructor considers necessary for the safety of flight
(2) student pilots cert and logbook for a solo cross-country flight unless that flight instructor has determined the students flight preparation, planning, equipment, and proposed procedures are adequate for the proposed flight under the existing conditions and within any limitations listed in the logbook the the instructor considers necessary for the safety of flight;
(3) student pilots logbook for solo flight in class bravo airspace are or at an airport within class bravo unless that flight instructor has-
(i) give that student ground and flight training in that class bravo or at that airport and
(ii) determined that the student is proficient to operate the aircraft safely
(5) logbook of a pilot for a flight review, unless that instructor has conducted a review of that pilot in accordance with the requirements of 61.56
(h) qualifications of the flight instructor for training first time flight instructor applicants 
(1) the ground training provided to an initial applicant for a flight instructor cert must be given by an authorized instructor who-
(i) holds a ground or flight instructor cert with the appropriate rating, has held that cert for at least 24 calendar months, and has given at least 40 hours of ground training or
(ii) holds a ground or flight instructor cert with the appropriate rating, and has given at least 100 hours of ground training in an FAA approved course
(2) except for an instructor who meets the requirements of paragraph (h)(3)(ii) a flight instructor who provides training to an initial applicant for a flight instructor cert must 
(i) meet the eligibility requirements prescribed in 61.183 of this part
(ii) hold the appropriate flight instructor cert and rating
(iii) have held a flight instructor cert for at least 24 months 
(iv) for training In preparation for an airplane, rotorcraft or powered lift rating have given at least 200 hours of instruction as flight instructor 
(3) a flight instructor who serves as a flight instructor in an FAA approved course for the issuance of a flight instructor rating must hold a flight instructor cert with the appropriate rating and pass the required instructor proficiency tests, in accordance with the requirements of the part under which the FAA approved course and must
(i) meet the requirements or paragraph (h)(2) of this section 
(ii) have trained and endorsed at least five applicants for a practical test for a pilot cert flight instructor cert or an additional rating and at least 80 percent of those applicants passed that test on their first attempt 
(A) given at least 400 hours of flight training as a flight instructor for training in an airplane, rotorcraft, or for a powered lift rating 
(i) prohibition against self endorsements. A flight instructor shall not make any self endorsements for a cert, rating, flight review, authorization, operating privilege, practical test, or knowledge test that is required by this part

Question 40

SFAR No. 73 (Robinson special training and experience training)

Answer 40

(3) awareness training must be conducted by a certified flight instructor who has been endorsed under paragraph (b)(5) of this section and consists of instruction in the following areas:
(i) energy management;
(ii) mast bumping
(iii) low rotor RPM (blade stall)
(iv) low G hazards and
(v) rotor RPM decay
(4) a person who can show satisfactory completion of the manufacturer’s safety course after January 1, 1994 may obtain an endorsement from an FAA aviation safety inspector in lieu of completing the wetness training
(B) aeronautical experience:
(1) no person may act as PIC or a Robinson model R22 unless that person:
(i) has had at least 200 flight hours in helicopters, at least 50 flight hours of which where in the R22 or:
(ii) has had at least 10 hours dual instruction in the Robinson R22 and has received an endorsement from a CFI authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this section that the individual has been given the training required by this paragraph and is proficient to act as PIC of an R22. Beginning 12 calendar months after the date of the endorsement, the individual may not act as PIC unless the individual has completed a flight review in an R22 within the proceeding 12 calendar months and obtained an endorsement for that flight review. The dual instruction must include at least the following abnormal and emergency procedures flight training:
(A) enhanced training in autorotation procedures
(B) engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor
(C) low rotor RPM recognition and recovery
(D) effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures
(5) no CFI may provide flight instruction or conduct a flight review in a Robinson R22-R44 unless that instructor
(i) completes the a awareness training in paragraph (2)(a) of this SFAR
(ii) for the Robinson R22, has had at least 200 flight hours in helicopters, at least 50 flight hours of which where in the Robinson R22, or the R44, has had at least 200 hours in helicopters, 50 flight hours which were in Robinson helicopters. Up to 25 flight hours of R22 flight time may be credited toward the 50 hour requirement.