Part 6: FOREIGN POLICY FROM 1972 COPY COPY Flashcards
Openness in the Soviet government. Citizens could criticize and make suggestions without fear.
Led to demands for independence and Gorbachev (leader of the Soviet Union) granted the Baltic countries their freedom. Along with perestroika (restructuring) – helps to dissolve the Soviet Union and end the Cold War.
GLASTNOST
Formed in 1964 to create an independent state of Palestine.
Responsible for terrorist actions against Israel in the 1970s and 1980s.
Entered into peace negotiations in the 1990s.
PALESTINIAN LIBERATION ORGANIZATION
Laws segregating the white citizens of South Africa from the black majority.
Opponents of apartheid boycotted South African goods leading South Africa to end the practice.
Anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela was released from prison and South Africa moved toward majority rule.
APARTHEID
Designed to remove tariff barriers between the United States, Canada, and Mexico over a fifteen-year time span.
Most comprehensive regional trade agreement ever negotiated by the United States.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
More countries participate in global trade – World Trade Organization.
Communication and transportation technology make it quicker and easier to communicate and ship items.
Lowered prices, but also creates more competition for jobs.
Increases in production increase pollution, use of natural resources, and affects the environment.
GLOBALIZATION
During the 1972 presidential election, a break-in occurred at the Democratic Party headquarters. Nixon attempts to cover-up his involvement – eventually resigns rather than face impeachment.
Contributes to Americans’ growing lack of faith in their government at this time.
WATERGATE SCANDAL
Plessy v Ferguson – separate but equal Brown v. Board of Education – overturns Plessy v Ferguson
Gideon v Wainwright – criminal courts must provide legal counsel to those who cannot afford it
Regents of UC v Bakke – upheld affirmative action: schools could take race into account to have greater diversity, but could not have a quota system.
Roe v Wade – women have the right to choose an abortion during the first three months of pregnancy.
SUPREME COURT CASES DEALING WITH RIGHTS OF CITIZENS
was founded in 1968 to mobilize public opinion on behalf of Native Americans.
AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT
Group that fights against ageism – discrimination against older Americans.
Around since 1972, they have fought for affordable housing, national health care, and environmental protections.
Also sued major drug companies for blocking generic drug production.
GRAY PANTHERS
President Carter helped forge peace between Israel and Egypt (long-time enemies) in 1977.
Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula and Egypt recognized Israel’s right to exist.
CAMP DAVID ACCORDS
A diplomatic crisis between Iran and the United States when 52 Americans were held hostage for 444 days (November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981), after a group of Iranian students took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, Iran.
IRAN HOSTAGE CRISIS
Group of oil exporting Middle Eastern countries formed in 1960 to coordinate policies.
In the 1970s, they boycotted the U.S. and other countries for trading with Israel and this led to shortages and rationing.
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
After the attacks on September 11th, President George Bush Declared a war ___________ and was given the power by congress to use “all necessary and appropriate force against those nations he determines planned, authorized aided in the attacks.” This declaration eventually led to US invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq as well as the creation of a Department of Homeland Security, Transportaion Security Administration and the USA Patriot Act.
WAR ON TERROR
Foreign policy by President Ronald Reagan that went further than the Truman Doctrine by not just wanting to contain Communism but actually roll it back where it already existed. This policy led to US involvement in Grenada, Nicaragua and US support to the Mujahadeen (Freedom Fighters) in Afghanistan during the 1980s.
Reagan Doctrine
