Part 3: World War 1 to Great Depression Flashcards
General causes of WW1
- Militarism
- alliances
- Imperilism
- Nationalism
British liner sunk by a German U-boat in 1915. Almost 1200 people died - 128 were Americans. Turned American public opinion against Germany and the Central Powers.
Lusitania
A promise Germany made to America in 1916 - after President Wilson threatened to sever ties - to stop sinking their ships without warning. Germany started unrestricted submarine warfare within a year – helped push the U.S. to declaring war.
SUSSEX PLEDGE
Intercepted telegram from the German foreign minister promising the return of lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona if Mexico allied with Germany against the U.S. Printed in U.S. newspapers in 1917 – helped push the U.S. to declaring war.
Zimerman Telegram
Passed in 1917 – requires men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service. Helped the government supply manpower for the military.
SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT
400,000 served in the armed forces – more than half in France. Served in segregated units and were excluded from the navy and marines. Two men, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts, were the first Americans to receive France’s highest military honor, the Croix de Guerre. War
AFRICAN AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR 1
Regulated the economy during the war – encouraging businesses to use massproduction and standardize products. Prices and profits increased.
WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD (WIB)
Government propaganda agency created to promote the war to the American public.
Committee of Public Information (CPI)
Also known as “Liberty Bonds” Way to pay for the war, American public purchased them to prove their patriotism.
WAR BONDS
1917 law creating procedure for detecting and imprisoning spies. Government could censor the mail and arrest anyone for interfering with the draft. Led to Schenck v U.S . – Supreme Court upheld limits on free speech when “a clear and present danger” is evident.
ESPIONAGE ACT OF 1917
1918 law against disloyal or abusive language against the government, flag, or Constitution.
SEDITION ACT
President Wilson’s plan for peace: First five points to prevent another war: no secret treaties, freedom of the seas for all, foster more free trade, reduction of arms, and consider the interest of colonial peoples. Next eight deal with boundary changes. Last is the creation of a League of Nations. Allied leaders wanted to impose a harsher treaty on Germany.
FOURTEEN POINTS
Peace treaty creates 9 new nations, shifted other boundaries, barred Germany from maintaining an army, required Germany to take the blame for the war, and pay reparations ($33 billion) to the Allies. Creates many new problems – humiliates Germany, excludes Russia, ignores colonized peoples’ claims for self-determination.
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
International organization to address diplomatic crises proposed in the Treaty of Versailles. U.S. never ratified the Treaty of Versailles, primarily because the League of Nations threatened the established U.S. policy of isolationism
LEAGUE OF NATION
The movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that lasted up until the 1960s. The first Great Migration (1910–1930), numbered about 1.6 million who left mostly rural areas to migrate to northern industrial cities.
GREAT MIGRATION
Italian immigrants and anarchists. Arrested for robbery and murder in 1920 – case stirred up controversy since many thought their trial was unfair due to the men’s radical beliefs and because they were immigrants. Both men were convicted and executed.
SACCO & VANEZETTI
American plan to loan Germany $2.5 billion to pay back Britain and France, so they could pay the U.S. back for the war. Partly caused by the U.S. high tariffs – making it impossible for Britain and France to repay us without looking to collect their reparations from Germany. Caused resentment from everyone involved.
DAWES PLAN