PART 6 - Energy, Macronutrient, Fiber and Water requirements during pregnancy Flashcards
The RDA covers how much of the population?
97.5%
Pregnancy affects BEE in what way and how?
BEE increases. metabolic contribution of fetus and placenta, lungs and heart working more
What is the strongest predictor of BEE?
FFM - fat free mass
What is the FFM composed of and how do their energy requirements rate??
increased blood volume –> low ER
skeletal muscle mass –> moderate
fetal and uterine tissues –>High
How did we calculate the increased energy requirement during pregnancy?
using the amount of tissue deposition during the pregnancy
and maintenance of tissue already deposited
Why do we not use the regular amount of 4kcla/g or 9kcal/g for the calculation of energy requirement during pregnancy?
Protein and fat has more energy than that. 4 and 9 take into account the digestible energy and metabolically available energy BUT you need energy to put protein together
Why is there a steady decrease in PAL during pregnancy?
PAL=TEE/BEE with BEE increasing much faster than TEE
What composes the EER of a women during pregnancy?
EER=Sum of TEE of the women (prepreg) + median change in TEE of 8kcal/week + energy disposition of 180 kcal/day
TRUE or FALSE. During the first trimester, the TEE and energy disposition are not accounted for in the calculation of EER of pregnant women.
TRUE.
At what week during the trimester do we calculate the TEE change?
midpoint of the trimester (20 weeks and 34 weeks)
Why do pregnant women need more protein?
support growth and fetal tissues
Maintain protein stores
TRUE OR FALSE. Protein requirements are the same for the whole pregnancy.
FALSE. protein requirements vary with each trimester to sustain growth and sustain the protein that was accumulated at the end of each trimester
How was the EAR for protein requirements determined for pregnant women?
Taking a look at weight gain for each trimester and determine the additional protein needed to sustain the new weight (accumulated protein) and the new deposition of protein.
average the 2 last trimesters to get the EAR
How was the RDA determined for protein requirement of pregnant women?
Add 2 SD to the EAR calculated (look at other card for EAR)
A protein poor diet during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of?
Low Birth Weight
How does pregnancy affect the requirement of omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids?
need more because more energy
How was the AI for omega 6 and omega 3 determined?
based on highest median intake of healthy population.
What is the relation between birth weight and omega 3, 6 and 9
Low levels of omega 3 and 6 with high levels of omega 9 (mead acid) can lead to LBW
What happens with low levels of omega 3 and omega 6?
The desaturases are going to go after omega 9 to make mead acid
What is an indicator of essential fatty acid deficiency?
High Mead Acid in the blood
What is the ideal range of the ration of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids?
4/1 to 10/1 max
What happens with a diet excessive in omega 6 fatty acids that disrupts the balance?
favors formation of arachidonic acid and less DHA is produced. Can pose a risk for brain development
What affects the carbohydrate requirement during pregnancy?
increased metabolic rate (need more fuel)
first is for growth and development then just growth
the hormones produced blunts the effect of insulin to free up CHO for the fetus
TRUE or FALSE. The fetal brain can use ketoacids.
TRUE
