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Nutrition through life Part 1 > PART 1 - DRI's > Flashcards

PART 1 - DRI's Flashcards

1
Q

DRI?

A

Dietary Reference Intake

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2
Q

Why do different committees develop different nutrition recommendations?

A

The scientific evidence is interpreted in different ways

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3
Q

RNI? also previous name and why it was changed

A

Recommended Nutrient Intake. Previously called RDNIs. The daily was changed to reflect an average intake over time so people don’t think they absolutely must have all those nutrients everyday.

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4
Q

(old) RDA? also previous name and why it changed?

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance. Used to be Recommended Daily allowance but changed to reflect average intake over time.

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5
Q

Which country used RNI?

A

Canada

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6
Q

Which country used RDA?

A

US

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7
Q

Describe the general structure of the Standing Committee for the DRI’s.

A

The Standing Committee oversees the 5 year process. There are 7 panels that deal with 7 different areas of nutrient requirements, these are called the Nutrient Expert Panels. All the expert panels deal with 2 subcommittees: The Upper Reference Levels Subcommittee and the Uses of DRI’s subcommittee.

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8
Q

What is the mandate of the Standing Committee for the DRI’s?

A

Look at nutrient intakes for the prevention of nutrient deficiencies and to consider levels of intake needed in the prevention of chronic diseases

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9
Q

What is the job of the Upper Reference Levels Subcommittee and why is it not completed by the Expert panels? Why is this job necessary in this day and age?

A

This subcommittee derives the UL for all nutrients. It is important since supplementation and food fortification are now a major source of nutrition. Not completed by the expert panels since this subcommittee is composed of a variety of experts like nutritionists and toxicologists.

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10
Q

What is the job of the Uses of DRI’s subcommittee?

A

Apply the reference intakes determined by the expert panels to the population in the best way possible.

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11
Q

What are the different values determined by the DRI’s?

A

EAR, RDA, AI, UL

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12
Q

What is the EAR? Who can this be used for?

A

Estimated Average Requirement. usual intake level estimated to meet half the healthy people’s needs. used to see inadequate intakes for groups (use intake distribution not average intake of group)

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13
Q

What is the (new) RDA? What does it replace?

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance (replaces RDA/RNI)
refers to the distribution of the average daily nutrient intake of apparently healthy individuals over time (bel curve or Gaussian distribution)

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14
Q

What is the AI? When is it used?

A

Adequate Intake. used when EAR and RDA are not available.

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15
Q

What is the UL?

A

Tolerable Upper Intake Level, highest intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects. intake above increases risk. maximum intake unlikely to pose health risks

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16
Q

What is the new mandate of the Standing Committee? ***** (related to new trend focus)

A

Looking at the UL for non essential nutrients in their role for disease prevention.

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17
Q

What new focus has taken hold of the Standing Committee? (4 steps)

A

Chronic disease prevention. 1: looking at RDA for micro-nutrients, 2:recommendations for preventing deficiency AND chronic disease, 3: establishing UL because of common use of supplements, 4: including non-essential food components for disease prevention.

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18
Q

For who do you suggest the RDA?

A

Individuals not groups. 97.5% of pop is good

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19
Q

How is the RDA determined?

A

Determined by experimentation on a healthy population.

20
Q

How do you set the RDA? in 5 steps

A

1: define intake of nutrient where 50% of population in a life STAGE or GROUP is adequate (sex, age, lactating, pregnancy)
2: take into account safety in optimal tissue stores
3: factor additional needs like growth or pregnancy
4: add bioavailability factor when not 100% absorbed
5: add 2 SD to account for variability and get the final value

21
Q

When deficiency states cannot be observed, what can we do? In what case is this common?

A

You can do a balance study or animal research. typically for requirements in pregnant women

22
Q

What are the major differences (6) between the current RDA and the former RDA and RNI in how they are determined? *****

A
  • The new RDA is determined through the EAR, not judgment based safety factors like it used to.
  • concept of probability and risk
  • when possible, reduction in the risk of chronic diseases -is included in the formulation of the recommendation
  • UL are there
  • food components are considered
23
Q

How to calculate RDA with EAR?

A

RDA=EAR+2SD
if SD not availbale
RDA=EAR+2(EAR*0.1)

24
Q

How is Energy Requirements estimated?

A

Based on sex, age, height, weight and physical activity on an INDIVIDUAL basis

25
Q

Why is EER individual?

A

Eating too much energy will lead to obesity and stuff. Only nutrient to not use EAR method

26
Q

How to set EER for a group?

A

use mean intake of adequately nourished population.

27
Q

What can you use RDA for?

A

estimate propable RISK of deficiency for an individual when the diet is assessed OVER TIME. Reference point only.

28
Q

Children and infants are particularly at risk of deficiency, why?

A

They haven’t had enough time to build up stores

29
Q

What factors the DRI must take into account?

A

1: individual variability in population
2: bioavailability
3: gender and age differences
4: Physiological state (pregnancy, lactation)

30
Q

TRUE or FALSE? You can compare the mean intake of 2 groups with the EAR.

A

FALSE. Does not take into account variability. Even though the 2 groups can have an intake above the RDA, a group with greater variability will have more people with deficiency.

31
Q

Why is the AI so useful when comparing to RNI?

A

RNI was based on bad info, basically its the EAR. DRI takes into account proven info, and when in doubt uses AI as info that works for healthy people

32
Q

What is the AI based on?

A
  • observed or experimentally determined approximations

- estimates based on healthy people

33
Q

TRUE or FALSE. A diet that is equal to the AI is most certainly deficient.

A

False. diet equal or more to AI is most likely adequate

34
Q

TRUE or FALSE. A diet that falls below the AI is most definitely deficient.

A

False. you cannot estimate the risk of deficiency since the point where risk increases cannot be determined

35
Q

TRUE or FALSE. the AI likely exceeds the actual but unknown requirements of almost all healthy individuals.

A

TRUE

36
Q

TRUE or FALSE. A group consuming more than the AI will have a low prevalence of negative effects or diseases

A

TRUE

37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. The absence of UL means that there is no risk of toxicity.

A

False, means that safe level is undetermined

38
Q

TRUE or FALSE. The AI is used for requirements for all nutrients in infants up to one year of age.

A

TRUE

39
Q

What is the Food Guide intended for?

A

assist people of Canada 2 years of age and older in making food choices that promote health

40
Q

Canada’s Food Guide emphasizes…?

A

that healthy eating and regular physical activity are important to health

41
Q

Canada’s food guide describes a pattern of eating that:

A

is sufficient in nutrient needs, reduces nutrition-related problems, supports a healthy body weight and reflects diversity of foods available to Canadians

42
Q

FILL THE BLANK:

No more than [ ] energy as fat and no more than [ ] energy as saturated fat

A

30% as fat and 10% as sat. fat

43
Q

Nutrition recommendations focus on what?

A

adjusting energy intake to expenditure **
avoid over and underweight
vary the diet to can diversity of nutrients
lower fat and saturated fat intake of population **

44
Q

What is the problem with setting an EAR for fat?

A

If we set the EAR (mean) at 30%, half the group will be eating too much. If we put the EAR below, than people won’t be eating enough, there’s the problem.

45
Q

Caffeine increases the risk of what diseases. What amount is recommended?

A

osteoporosis, hypertension, adverse pregnancy outcomes, CVD. no more than 4 cups of coffee

46
Q

Why are community water supplies fluoridated?

A

Dental Caries

47
Q

FILL THE BLANK:

Consume less than [ ] mg of sodium per day

A

2300 mg

Nutrition through life Part 1 (6 decks)

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