Part 5: DNA Viruses Flashcards
- double strandedand enveloped
- with severalantigens
Hepatitis B Virus
- Australian antigen
- surface antigen
HBsAg
- core antigen
- internal part
HBcAg
- part of the same capsid polypeptide as the HBcAg
HBeAg
Pathogenesis
- replication occurs in hepatic cells and released by exocytosis
Hepadnaviridae
MOT: parenteral, sexual intercourse (esp. anal)
Hepadnaviridae
- inflammatory condition of the liver
- manifested by jaundice
- may be asymptomatic
- with carrier state
- may be chronic and may lead to cirrhosis
Hepatitis
Host defense
- antibody and cell mediated responses are not protective
Hepadnaviridae
Diagnosis
- fever, headache, malaise, jaundice
- serology
Hepadnaviridae
Control
- screening of blood
- vaccine
Hepadnaviridae
- over 80 species with about 40 are pathogenic to man
- non-enveloped
- icosahedral
Human Adenovirus
Pathogenesis
- produces cytopathic changes
- rounding, enlargement and aggregation
Adenoviridae
MOT: Droplet spray
Adenoviridae
5 diseases of Adenoviridae
Acute Febrile Pharyngitis, Pharyngeal, . Acute Respiratory Disease, Pneumonia, Gastroenteritis
- common to children
- indistinguishable from common colds and flu
Acute Febrile Pharyngitis
- conjunctival Fever
Pharyngeal
- common to military recruits
- with rashes
Acute Respiratory Disease
- complication
Pneumonia
Host defense
- no antibodies produced
- cytotoxic Tcells kill infected cells early
Adenoviridae
Epidemiology
- common to children below 6
- predominant in cold climate
Adenoviridae
Diagnosis
- Cell culture, serologic
Adenoviridae
- difficult to prevent
- vaccine is available for recruits
- mild infection
Adenoviridae
- coined from herpetic (___________)
- enveloped
- replication occurs in the _____________
- may cause recurrent infections
- with latency
Herpes Viridae
- coined from herpetic (spreading)
- enveloped
- replication occurs in the host’s nucleus
- may cause recurrent infections
- with latency
- latency in nerve cells
- HSV 1 &2, VZV
Neurotropic
- latency in lymphocytes
- EBV, CMV
- some are associated with cancers
- ________ are the natural host
Lymphotropic
- latency in lymphocytes
- EBV, CMV
- some are associated with cancers
- humans are the natural host
Pathogenesis
- commonly infects skin and mucous membranes (___, ___)
- internal infection (___, ___)
- produce intranuclear inclusions and __________________________
Herpes Viridae
Pathogenesis
- commonly infects skin and mucous membranes (HSV, VZV)
- internal infection (CMV, EBV)
- produces intranuclear inclusions and multinucleated giant cells
Epidemiology
- in lower socioeconomic groups (_____, ___, ___)
Herpes Viridae
Epidemiology
- in lower socioeconomic groups (HSV-1, CMV, EBV)
Diagnosis
- characteristic lesions
- intranuclear inclusions onsmear
Tzanck Test
Herpes Viridae
- scraping of an ulcer base to look for ______ cells (multinucleated giant cells)
- AKA: ________________, __________________ and the _________________
Tzanck Test
- scraping of an ulcer base to look for Tzanck cells (multinucleated giant cells)
- AKA: Tzanck smear, chickenpox skin test and the herpes skin test
Control
- avoid contact
- vaccines
- Acyclovir
Herpes Viridae
- Gingivostomatitis
- recurs as cold sores (____________)
- herpetic __________
- leads to __________ and blindness
- whitlows
- lesions on the ________
HSV – 1
- Gingivostomatitis
- recurs as cold sores (herpes labialis)
- herpetic keratitis
- leads to scarring and blindness
- whitlows
- lesions on the fingers
- genital Herpes
- may lead to meningitis and encephalitis
- MOT: sexual intercourse
HSV – 2
Defenses of HSV 1 & 2
-___________ production is protective
- ___________
- __________________________
Defenses of HSV 1 & 2
-antibody production is protective
- recurrent
- cell mediated response
- Chickenpox
-may progress to _____________ - centrifugal rashes macules-papules-vesicles pustules-crusts
- not prone to ________
Varicella
- Chickenpox
-may progress to pneumonia
- centrifugal rashes macules-papules-vesicles pustules-crusts
- not prone to scarring
- shingles
- common to older people
- lesions are found at the _________ and lumbar regions
Zoster
- shingles
- common to older people
- lesions are found at the thoracic and lumbar regions
Disease
- characterized by jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, CNS disorder
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- characterized by fever, fatigue, malaise and pharyngitis
- kisser’s disease
Infectious Mononucleosis
- commonly associated with the infection of B-cell lymphocytes with the Epstein–Barr virus
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
- Roseola
- rose-colored eruption in spots
HHV 6 (Roseolavirus)
- measles-like rashes in infants
HHV7
- Kaposi’s Sarcoma
- _________________ of the skin and mucous membranes
- reddish-brown or _________ tumorous plaques, macules, papules or nodules especially on the lower extremities
- common to _____________
HHV8
- Kaposi’s Sarcoma
- neoplastic disease of the skin and mucous membranes
- reddish-brown or bluish tumorous plaques, macules, papules or nodules especially on the lower extremities
- common to AIDS patients
- replication occurs in the ___________
- largest viruses
- complex symmetry
- no animal reservoir
Poxviridae
- replication occurs in the cytoplasm
- largest viruses
- complex symmetry
- no animal reservoir
Pathogenesis
- systemic infection with characteristic rash
- MOT: ____________
- centrifugal rash formation
- rashes form scarring
Poxviridae
- MOT: inhalation
E[idemiology
- eradicated
Poxviridae
Diagnosis
- characteristic lesions
- electron microscopy (intracytoplasmic inclusions)
Poxviridae
Control
- vaccination
Poxviridae
- A Variola that causes a severe disease (high mortality rate)
Variola Major
Variola Disease
Smallpox
- used by Jenner to produce a vaccine for smallpox
Vaccinia
Vaccinia Disease
Cowpox
Orf Disease
Sheep and goat pox
- characterized by smooth, waxy tumorlike nodules on the face, trunk and limbs
Molluscipoxvirus
Molluscipoxvirus Disease
Molluscum contagiosum
- non-enveloped and icosahedra
Papovaviridae
A Papovaviridae on epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Pathogenesis
- causes warts
- MOT:______________
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
- MOT: direct contact
Epidemiology
- common to children and young adults
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Diagnosis
- condylomata acuminata (genital warts) are very distinguishable
- histology, molecular methods
Papovaviridae
- freezing, cauterization, surgery, laser vaporization
Papovaviridae
- first isolated from the urine of arenal allograft recipient receiving ___________________________
BKV
- first isolated from the urine of arenal allograft recipient receiving immunosupressive drugs
- first isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive ____________________________
JCV
- first isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Epidemiology
- 70 – 90% of adults are exposed to these viruses
JC and BK Polyoma Virus
- only DNA virus pathogenic to man with a single stranded genome
- smallest icosahedral DNA virus
- endemic zoonotic infection
Parvoviridae
- Genus Erythrovirus
Parvovirus B-19
Pathogenesis
- causes Erythema infectiosum
- AKA: ______________/ _____________________
- rashes begin on the ______ (centripetal)
Parvoviridae
- AKA: fifth disease/ slapped cheek disease
- rashes begin on the cheeks (centripetal)
