Part 4: Methods Flashcards
1
Q
- microscopic examination for viral inclusions
- less sensitive than culture
- helpful for viruses that are difficult to grow
A
Cytology/ Histology
2
Q
- rarely used because it’s labor-intensive and expensive
- useful for virus that can be cultured
A
Electron Microscopy
3
Q
- antiviral antibodies are used to stain viral antigens in specimen and cultures
A
Immunofluorescent Microscopy
4
Q
- usually solid-phase and membrane Elisa are used
- the basic test consists of antibodies bonded to enzymes; the enzymes remain able to catalyze a reaction yielding a visible discernible end product while attached to antibodies
A
Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
5
Q
- baby hamster kidney cell culture with B-galactosidase gene that is expressed when cells are infected with the virus
A
Enzyme Linked Virus Inducible System (ELVIS)
6
Q
- different viruses grow on different cell lines
- growth takes about 1 – 28 days
- microscopically examined for cytopathic
effects (CPE) - confirmed with immunofluorescent stains
A
Conventional Cell Culture
7
Q
cell rounding, clumping, vacuolation, granulation, giant multinucleate cell formation, cell fusion, syncytium formation, lysis, plaques (groups of killed cells), inclusion bodies.
A
cytopathic effects (CPE)
8
Q
- derived from animals’ tissue slices
- tends to die after a few generations
A
Primary Cell Line
9
Q
- derived from sub cultivation of primary cell line
- from human embryo can be maintained up to 100 generations
A
Diploid Cell Line
10
Q
- derived from malignant tissue or transformed cells
- indefinite number of generations
A
Immortal Cells / Continuous Cell Line
11
Q
- modified conventional culture
- detection in 1 – 2 days
* specimen is centrifuged onto a monolayer of cells
growing on coverslips
* coverslips are stained with viral specific
immunofluorescent conjugate - for viruses that are slow in producing CPE
A
Shell Vial Culture
12
Q
- direct test
- latex beads are coated with antivirus antibodies - - rapid and cheaper
A
Latex Agglutination
13
Q
- molecular method of detecting virus
- multiplication of viral structure for easier identification
A
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
14
Q
- detects viruses in serum (Western Blottting)
- useful in evaluating immune status or diagnosing viral infections where culture is difficult and impossible
A
Serology
15
Q
- results when a virus mistakenly infects a cell that does not permit viral replication
- no effect on host cell
A
Abortive Infection
