Part 5 (cytology continued)

Question 1

What determines how water crosses the plasma membrane?

Answer 1

tonicity

Question 2

Lower solute concentration than the cytosol

Answer 2

hypotonic

cell will gain water by osmosis and may swell or burst

Question 3

Same solute concentration as the cytosol

Answer 3

isotonic

Question 4

Higher solute concentration than the cytosol

Answer 4

hypertonic

cell will lose water and shrivel/shrink

Question 5

What will the cell do when it is in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 5

cell will gain water by osmosis and may swell or burst

Question 6

What will the cell do when it is in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 6

cell will lose water and shrivel/shrink

Question 7

What are the four phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 7

G1: initial growth phase
S phase: DNA is replicated
G2: second growth phase
M phase (mitosis)

Question 8

What is the cell division process?

Answer 8

1.) Interphase
2.) Mitosis
Prophase (early, late)
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
3.) Cytokinesis

Question 9

Describe what happens in early prophase…

Answer 9

1. ) chromosomes are formed
2. ) chromosomes (single strands called: chromatids) are connected to centromeres
3. ) The centrioles create mitotic spindles

Question 10

Describe what happens in late prophase…

Answer 10

1. ) spindle pole is made
2. ) centrioles are on opposite sides of the cell
3. ) nuclear membrane and nucleolus break down and disappear

Question 11

Describe what happens during metaphase…

Answer 11

The chromosomes align to the middle of the spindle

metaphase plate

Question 12

Describe what happens during anaphase…

Answer 12

1. ) centromeres split
2. ) chromatids separate from one another and move slowly towards opposite ends of the cell
3. ) chromatids are now called chromosomes again

Question 13

Describe what happens during telophase…

Answer 13

1. ) chromosomes uncoil
2. ) spindle breaks down and disappears
3. ) nuclear envelope forming
4. ) nucleolus forming again

Question 14

Describe what happens during cytokinesis…

Answer 14

1.) begins during telophase
2.) creates a “cleavage furrow”
3.) separates the cytoplasmic mass into two parts:
overall creating 2 daughter cells