Part 5

Question 1

MIDDLE LAYER IS PROVIDED BY:

Answer 1

UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM (DEEP LAYER OF THE TRIANGLE)

Question 2

DEEP LAYER IS PROVIDED BY:

Answer 2

PELVIC DIAPHRAGM

Question 3

SPHINCTER CONTROL

Answer 3

PELVIC FLOOR INCREASES URETHRAL CLOSING PRESSURE PELVIC FLOOR KEEP THE ANORECTAL ANGLE CLOSED PELVICE FLOOR ASSIST WITH VOIDING THROUGH REFLEX INHIBITION OF THE BLADDER BY BRADLEY LOOP #3.

Question 4

SEXUAL FUNCTION

Answer 4

PROVIDES TONE FOR VAGINAL WALL MAINTENCE OF CLITORAL ERECTION REFLEXIVE CONTRACTION OF THE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM MUSCLES DURING ORGASM

Question 5

Hypertonus Dysfunctions

Answer 5

Etiology: from trauma within the region of the pelvis, abdomen, back, dysfunctional use patterns, or psychogenic causes

Question 6

Hypertonus Dysfunctions Symptoms

Answer 6

Back pain Perivaginal pain Rectal pain Lower abdominal pain Coccyx pain Posterior thigh pain Vulvar or Clitoral pain Incontinence Constipation

Question 7

Incontinence Causes

Answer 7

Disuse atrophy Childbirth Trauma Hormonal Changes Repetitive Val Salva Post surgical Bacterial infections Stress Incontinence Urge Incontinence Overflow Incontinence

Question 8

Incontinence Evaluation

Answer 8

Accessory muscle group strength Bladder diary Abdominal Palpation Diastasis

Question 9

Estrogen

Answer 9

Reduces the adhesions of collagen fibers in connective tissue Increases water retention Relaxing effect on pelvic ligaments Lengthens ducts in the breasts Increases the epithelium in the vagina Enlarges the uterus Increases the pH of the cervix along with increased mucous production

Question 10

Progesterone

Answer 10

Reduces smooth muscle elasticity in the fallopian tubes, ureters, stomach and gut Raises body temperature

Question 11

Thyroid Hormones

Answer 11

Increases basal metabolism rate

Question 12

Prolactin

Answer 12

Production of Milk

Question 13

Oxytocin

Answer 13

Important for beginning of birth

Question 14

Relaxin

Answer 14

Helps to change the reproductive tract for pregnancy/delivery Increases ligament laxity by producing estrogen Softens cartilage

Question 15

Musculoskeletal Changes

Answer 15

Joint strains Diastasis Recti Feet pronation Tendonitis Nerve compression Postural changes

Question 16

Contraindications to Exercise

Answer 16

HTN Anemia Thyroid Diabetes Cardiac Arrythmias History of intrauterine growth retardation History of bleeding Breech presentation Excessive obesity Extreme underweight/malnutrition Extreme fatigue Sedentary lifestyle Multiple gestation Active myocardial disease CHF Rheumatic heart Disease Thrombophlebitis Recent PE Acute infectious disease At risk for premature labor Severe HTN Incompetent cervix Triplets or more Uterine bleeding

Question 17

Symptoms to Watch During Exercise

Answer 17

Uterine Contractions at 20 minutes intervals or closer Vaginal bleeding Leaking amniotic fluid

Question 18

Benefits of Prenatal Exercises

Answer 18

Increased energy Improved muscle tone and strength Improved posture Decreased back pain Prevention of injuries Improve sleep Maintain efficiency of circulatory and respiratory systems Decreased leg cramps Avoiding excessive weight gain Build body confidence, coordination and balance Increased endurance for labor and recovery Decreased constipation and heartburn

Question 19

PT Interventions

Answer 19

Soft tissue mobilization (Internal and External) Myofascial and trigger point release Visceral manipulation Biofeedback E stim Heat and Cold