Part 4 Flashcards
The apprenticeship program consists of
a) 420 hours
b) 550 hours
c) 570 hours
d) 600 hours
c) 570 hours
additionally must complete CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) training
150 academic hours = 50 hours anatomy, physiology, and structural kinesiology; 100 hours theory and demonstration
420 practical hours
How many years must a sponsoring massage therapist be licensed?
a) 2 years
b) 3 years
c) 4 years
d) 5 years
b) 3 years
Why is the pre-massage assessment and consultation important?
a) determines client needs
b) assesses for contra-indication
c) informs client what to expect
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
When applying compressive force, what body posture should you use?
a) asymmetrical stance
b) rigid body stance
c) flexed knee stance
d) symmetrical stance
a) asymmetrical stance
A neuro-psychiatric client is manic-depressive. What do you do?
a) treat him/her
b) do not treat him/her
c) consult his/her psychiatrist
d) consult his/her guardian
c) consult his/her psychiatrist
What type of gland secretes mostly water and waste products?
a) endocrine
b) eccrine
c) exocrine
d) sebaceous
b) eccrine
major sweat glands; found in virtually all skin; highest density in palm and soles, then head; much less trunk the extremities
controlled by SNS
What are the white cords or bands that serve to attach muscles to bones?
a) hyaline
b) ligaments
c) tendons
d) fibrocartilage
c) tendons
flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue
The fluid which surrounds the brain is
a) plasma fluid
b) cranial fluid
c) lymph fluid
d) cerebrospinal fluid
d) cerebrospinal fluid
protects brain and spinal cord from trauma
supplies nutrients to nervous system tissue
removes waste products from cerebral metabolism.
Which bone supports the tongue?
a) hyoid
b) pharynx
c) cervical
d) cricoid
a) hyoid
Which muscle aids in breathing?
a) costals
b) diaphragm
c) thoracic flexors
d) transverse abdominis
b) diaphragm
Your client was kicked in the calf and is in pain. What do you do?
a) massage carefully
b) refer to a physician
c) activate trigger points for pain
d) offer him two aspirin tablets
b) refer to a physician
What does the acronym RICE man?
a) rest, ice, comfort, elevate
b) relax, ice, compression, elevate
c) rest, ice, compression, elevate
d) relax, ice, comfort, elevate
c) rest, ice, compression, elevate
helps to reduce swelling; typically used for ankle sprains
The complex process by which food is used by a living organism is
a) anabolism
b) catabolism
c) mitosis
d) metabolism
d) metabolism
After we eat food, the digestive system uses enzymes to:
break proteins down into amino acids
turn fats into fatty acids
turn carbohydrates into simple sugars (for example, glucose)
Adipose tissue is
a) connective tissue
b) smooth tissue
c) epithelial tissue
d) fibrous tissue
a) connective tissue
four main types of tissue: muscle, epithelial, connective and nervous
When applying effleurage, the pressure throughout the stroke should be
a) up and down
b) hard
c) soft
d) even
d) even
The general direction of massage is
a) from proximal to distal in a centrifugal direction
b) from proximal to distal in a centripetal direction
c) from distal to proximal in a centrifugal direction
d) from distal to proximal in a centripetal direction
d) from distal to proximal in centripetal direction
centripetal = toward center of body; provides better mobilization of fluids to circulation
distal to proximal = extremeties to heart
veins carry blood towards heart; you want to push in the same direction as the blood flows thru the veins
Which muscle produces grating of the teeth?
a) masseter
b) mandibulis
c) pterygoids
d) temporalis
c) pterygoid muscles (a.k.a. wing muscles)
4 (main) muscles involved in mastication:
temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
Contraction of the diaphragm muscle is basically for
a) digestion
b) inspiration
c) expiration
d) defecation
b) inspiration
separates thoracic cavity from abdomen; main muscle of respiration; Contraction of the diaphragm (moves down) expands the lungs during inspiration; expansion of lungs increases their volume and decreases pressure inside the lungs; this causes air to be sucked in; when diaphragm relaxes and expands (moves up) this increases volume in lungs, pushing air out; the phrenic nerve controls the diaphragm
inspiratoon is also aided by the intercostals, SCM and pectoralis minor
Which muscle abducts the scapula?
a) serratus anterior
b) trapezius
c) subscapicularis
d) infraspinatus
a) serratus anterior
forward rotation of the arm and to pull the scapula forward and around the rib cage
What do you do if you are working on a client and he/she complains of pain where you are working?
a) Say “no pain, no gain”
b) back off and communicate to ensure comfort
c) stop the massage
d) only work on areas which don’t cause pain
b) back off and communicate to ensure comfort
Which endagerment site is located at the anterior of the elbow?
a) olecranon
b) cubital fossa
c) axillary
d) humerus
b) cubital fossa
contains the median nerve. the brachial artery. the tendon of biceps brachii
Which technique should not be used for cramps?
a) effleurage
b) petrissage
c) friction
d) vibration
c) friction
In the prone position a cushion is placed under the ankles to prevent
a) extreme dorsiflexion
b) hyperflexion
c) extreme pronation
d) extreme plantar plexion
d) extreme plantar flexion
What is the more mobile and distal end of a muscle called?
a) synergist
b) insertion
c) origin
d) prime mover
b) insertion
that end of the muscle that attaches to the freely moving bone of its joint; Movement happens at joints, where one bone acts freely as the other remains relatively stationary
Which plexus controls the hips, thighs and knees?
a) sacral
b) femoral
c) iliac
d) lumbar
a) sacral
part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae (L4-S4)
Dorsiflexion means to move the foot
a) downward
b) backward
c) inward
d) outward
b) backward (up and back, towards the shin)
Which is not a characteristic of skeletal muscles?
a) controlled by will
b) striated muscles
c) elastic
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
The adductor pollicis
a) draws thumbs to fingers
b) draws the arms to the body
c) draws the fingers together
d) draws the legs to the body
a) draws thumbs to fingers
pollicis from Latin pollex = thumb
Which is the largest organ of the boy
a) stomach
b) large intestines
c) liver
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Which is the best technique for locating pain?
a) effleurage
b) petrissage
c) compression
d) friction
a) effleurage (combined with palpation in my opinion)
Which muscle of the lower extremities crosses two joints?
a) rectus femorus
b) peroneus longus
c) vastus femorus
d) gastrocnemeus
d) gastrocnemius (back of lower leg)
crosses knee and ankle joint
Which part of the brain controls vital functions
a) cerebrum
b) cerebellum
c) brain stem
d) diencephalon
c) brain stem
messages between brain and rest of body; controls basic body functions like breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness, feeling awake or sleepy
The functional unit of the kidneys is the
a) renal corpuscle
b) nephron
c) glamerulus apparatus
d) Bowman’s capsule
b) nephron
regulate water and soluble substances by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine
The most widely recognized physiological effect of massage is
a) therapeutic healing
b) removal of oil and dry skin
c) toning of muscles
d) increased blood circulation
d) increased circulation
The recommended stroke for the treatment of the stump end of an amputee is
a) vibration
b) tapotement
c) effleurage
d) none of the above
b) tapotement
stimulates nerve endings, aids in decongestion and increases local blood flow. It also tones the atrophied muscles and relieves pain
Myofascial release is a specialized massage technique which
a) often uses skin rolling to prepare the tissue
b) is initially applied with deep pressure and gradually decreasing pressure
c) warms the tissue and releases restriction between layers of connective tissue
d) none of the above
c) warms the tissue and releases restriction between layers of connective tissue
Excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces causing swelling is called
a) edema
b) hematoma
c) hemorrhage
d) contusion
a) edema
The tough fibrous bands which connect bones together
a) tendons
b) joint sutures
c) hyaline
d) ligaments
d) ligaments
tough fibrous band of connective tissue that serves to support the internal organs and hold bones together in proper articulation at the joints
What responds to the unconscious sense of position and movement?
a) oculomotor nerves
b) auto-somatic receptors
c) proprioception
d) vestibulocochlear nerves
c) proprioception
mediated by proprioceptors = mechanosensory neurons located within muscles, tendons, and joints
What type of bone is the hip
a) smooth
b) flat
c) round
d) concave
b) flat
What does the longus colli do?
a) extends back
b) flexes shoulder
c) bends trunk
d) rotates spine
d) rotates spine (neck)
What is the function of the splenius capitis?
a) rotates head
b) dorsiflexes head
c) bilateral flexion of the neck
d) pronates the head
a) rotates the head
involved in movements such as shaking the head
What does the acronym SOAP mean?
a) sight, observation, action, plan
b) subjective, observation, action, procedure
c) subjective, objective, assessment, plan
d) sight, objective, assessment, procedure
c) subjective, objective, assessment, plan
What is the lateral recumbent position?
a) the body lies either on the right or left side
b) leaning the body to one side
c) sitting in a reclined position with arms extended
d) body slightly inclined and arms lateral
a) the boy lies either on the right or left side (aka recovery position or lateral decubitus position)
used in first aid to prevent aspiration (getting vomit into the lungs)
Migraine headache pain is believed to be caused by
a) pinched nerves
b) interneural entrapment
c) dilation of cranial vessels
d) nerve innervation
c) dilation of cranial vessels
Migraine is a vascular headache believed to be caused by blood flow changes and certain chemical changes in the brain leading to a cascade of events, including constriction of arteries supplying blood to the brain and the release of certain brain chemicals
What manipulation “milks” waste products out of tissue?
a) effleurage
b) petrissage
c) compression
d) friction
b) petrissage
increases circulation, tissue elasticity, removes waste products from muscles
During your assessment you notice that your client has a fever. What do you do?
a) proceed with massage with caution
b) do not massage
c) consult their physician
d) consult your PMT
b) do not massage
One of the regions of the abdomen is
a) thorax
b) stomach
c) inguinal
d) epigastric
d) epigastric
the epigastrium (or epigastric region) is the upper central region of the abdomen
thorax = above abdomen
The lower back is also referred to as the
a) dorsal
b) lumbar
c) sacral
d) suprailiac
b) lumbar
What covers, separates and gives form to muscles?
a) epithelium
b) areola
c) fascia
d) fasicle bundles
c) fascia
band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen
Muscle tissue stimulated repeatedly without rest will experience
a) atrophy
b) hypertrophy
c) fatigue
d) insomnia
c) fatigue
Which muscle moves the arm in hyperextension of the shoulders?
a) rhomboids
b) deltoids
c) trapezius
d) latissimus dorsi
d) latissimus dorsi
largest muscle in the upper body
arm hyperextension = pulling arms behind the back
The distal end of the descending colon connects to the
a) transverse colon
b) sigmoid colon
c) large intestines
d) rectum
b) sigmoid colon (aka pelvic colon)
part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus
large intestine = colon
cecum –> ascending colon –> transverse c –> descending c –> sigmoid c.
How many bones does the body contain?
a) 206
b) 220
c) 212
d) 226
a) 206
The movement of blood through the arteries, veins and back to the heart is called
a) cardiovascular flow
b) arterial venus flow
c) blood vascular flow
d) circulatory system
d) circulatory system
The proportion of creosol or lysol suitable for cleaning bathrooms and floors is
a) 5% to 10%
b) 20% to 25%
c) 15% to 20%
d) 25% to 30 %
a) 5% to 10%
What may occur if percussion is applied for prolonged periods of time?
a) increased blood circulation
b) temporary paralysis
c) fatigue
d) hypersensitivity
b) temporary paralysis
Lymphatic vessels eventually return tissue fluid to the
a) thymus
b) bloodstream
c) right lymphatic duct
d) thoracic duct
b) bloodstream
What is the function of the abductor pollicis?
a) draws thumbs to fingers
b) draws fingers away from thumbs
c) draws fingers to thumbs
d) draws thumb away from fingers
d) draws thumb away from fingers
Lightly stroking the body with the hand is called
a) aura stroking
b) light stroking
c) feathering
d) pincement
c) feathering
The tissue that contains fat cells, blood vessels, hair follicles and nerve endings is the
a) reticular layer
b) myofascia
c) epidermal layer
d) epicardial
a) reticular layer
lower layer of the dermis, under papillary dermis, dense irregular connective tissue; usually much thicker than papillary dermis.
Which manipulation is used for stimulating the nerves?
a) effleurage
b) petrissage
c) friction
d) cupping
d) cupping
type of deep tissue massage; helps with pain, inflammation, blood flow, relaxation and well-being
The gluteus medius and the gemullar obturator are in the
a) back
b) thigh
c) hip
d) neck
c) hip
The vagus nerve supplies the
a) heart and lungs
b) veins
c) diaphragm
d) inguinal
a) heart and lungs
What moves the head in a bilateral movement to the opposite side?
a) platysma
b) trapezius
c) sternocleidomastoid
d) rectus capitis
c) sternocleidomastoid
one of the largest and most superficial cervical muscles; rotation of head, flexion of neck
What is the integument?
a) membrane
b) connective tissue
c) muscle
d) skin
d) skin
What is the glenohumeral __?
a) shoulder joint
b) elbow joint
c) distal end of the humerus
d) humeral bone
a) shoulder joint
one of four joints that comprise the shoulder complex
glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, the sternoclavicular joint
What does the clavicle connect to?
a) femur
b) radius
c) cervicle
d) humerus
d) humerus
What are neurons?
a) spinal cells
b) brain cells
c) nerve cells
d) cranial cells
c) nerve cells
a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses
What is the function of the nervous system?
a) receives sensory information
b) controls and coordinates the body
c) excites and calms the body
d) controls nervous tension
b) controls and coordinates the body
Skeletal or voluntary muscles must also be
a) striated
b) smooth
c) isometric
d) mitochondric
a) striated
contractile fibrils in the cells are aligned in parallel bundles, so that their different regions form stripes;
cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated and smooth muscle is involuntary and non-striated
Blood flows toward the heart through the
a) aorta
b) carotid artery
c) vena cava
d) brachio-cephalic artery
c) vena cava
carries deoxygenated blood into heart; inferior vena cava (carries blood from lower body); superior vena cava (carries blood from head, arms, and upper body).
Where is food primarily digested?
a) stomach
b) large intestine
c) transverse colon
d) small intestine
d) small intestine
3 main regions of small intestine: duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
Muscles that assist a prime mover are called
a) agonists
b) synergists
c) complements
d) antagonists
b) synergists
stabilises a joint around which movement is occurring, which in turn helps the agonist function effectively
The underlying layer of the skin is
a) epidermis
b) stratum granulosum
c) dermis
d) sub-dermal layer
c) dermis
epidermis (outermost): waterproof barrier; creates skin tone
dermis: tough connective tissue, hair follicles, sweat glands.
subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis): made of fat and connective tissue
Applying compression on the cervical region, medulla oblongata, and along the spinal column affects the
a) autonomic nervous system
b) brain
c) cerebral spinal system
d) central nervous system
d) central nervous system
Wringing, rolling and chucking are primarily used to massage the
a) arms an legs
b) neck
c) back
d) stomach
a) arms and legs
The suffix “in” normally indicates a
a) enzyme
b) condition
c) protein
d) vein
c) protein
What type of draping is preferable for a male in the supine position?
a) loose draping
b) tight draping
c) smooth draping
d) flat draping
a) loose draping
If you break contact and now want to re-establish contact, you should tell the client you will be touching him/her because
a) you must have informed consent
b) you may startle the client
c) the client may want to sleep
d) you don’t need to tell the client
b) you may startle the client
What is an abnormal mass of proliferating cells called?
a) sarcotropic
b) mitosis
c) cytogenesis
d) neoplasm
d) neoplasm
Which letters indicate a carbohyrate?
a) ose
b) ase
c) ate
d) carb
a) ose
The phrenic nerve enervates the
a) larynx
b) pharynx
c) diaphragm
d) trachea
c) diaphragm
Which muscle keeps the spine erect?
a) sacrospinalis
b) supra-spinatus
c) longus posterior
d) dorsi-major
a) sacrospinalis
A large rounded process on a bone is called
a) meatus
b) trochanter
c) tuberosity
d) foramen
c) tuberosity
moderate prominence where muscles and connective tissues attach.
To move the distal end of an extremity while the proximal end remains fixed is
a) external rotation
b) circumduction
c) proximal rotation
d) distal rotation
b) circumduction
Which muscle abducts and horizontally flexes the humerus?
a) deltoid
b) triceps
c) biceps
d) serratus anterior
a) deltoid
What is a dangerous condition during pregnancy characterized by high sodium levels, edema and toximia?
a) parturitum
b) acetabulum
c) dysnatia
d) pre-eclampsia
d) pre-eclampsia
There may be no symptoms. High blood pressure and protein in the urine are key features. There may also be swelling in the legs and water retention, but this can be hard to distinguish from normal pregnancy.
What muscle laterally flexes the trunk of the body?
a) vastus lateralis
b) quadratus lumborum
c) oblique externus abdominis
d) rectus abdominis
b) quadratus lumborum
What is inflammation of a vein?
a) neuritis
b) phlebitis
c) myelitis
d) neuralgia
b) phlebitis
