PART 3: SKIN SCIENCES/ CHAPTER 10: Physiology And Histology Of The Skin Flashcards
Why is UVB radiation also known as “ burning rays”?
UVB wavelengths cause burning of the skin as well as cancer.
What is NOT an element of the skin’s acid mantle?
Blood
What causes injured skin to restore itself to its normal thickness?
Hyper production of cells
What are the items in the dermis that respond to touch, pain, cold, heat, and pressure?
Sensory nerve endings
What are most abundant in the fingertips, as opposed to other parts of the body?
Sensory nerve fibers
What is the average internal temperature of the body in degrees Fahrenheit?
98.6
Why does the body perspire?
To protect us from overheating
What are follicles?
Tubelike openings in the epidermis
What is NOT a compound in the body from which free radicals take electrons?
Sebum
What is glycation?
The binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule.
What are hair papillae?
Cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle.
Where in the body is hyaluronic acid found?
Skin
What is hydrolipidic film?
Oil-water balance that protects the skin’s surface.
What is a fiber protein found in skin, hair and nails?
Keratin
What is the acid mantle?
Protective layer of lipids and secretions on the skin’s surface.
Where in the body are the coiled structures known as apocrine glands found?
Underarm and genital areas
What is the result of the contraction of the arrector pili muscle?
Goose bumps
What does the skin’s barrier function protect us from, in addition to irritation?
Intercellular water loss
What are ceramides?
Glycolipid materials
What is collagen?
Fibrous tissue made from protein
What are corneocytes?
Hardened keratinocytes
What are membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis?
Dermal papillae
Where in the face does the chronic condition rosacea primarily appear?
Cheeks and nose
What protects the surface of the skin?
Sebaceous glands
What are guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria?
Langerhans immune cells
What is oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and that lubricates both the skin and hair?
Sebum
What is the common name for the stratum corneum?
Horny layer
What is true of the stratum corneum?
It is the outermost layer of the skin.
What is the common name of the stratum germiniativum?
Basal layer
Where in the skin is the stratum germinativum located?
Above the papillary layer of the dermis.
What is the common name of the stratum granulosum?
Granular layer
What forms the cells in the stratum granulosum that resemble granules?
Keratin
What is the common name for the stratum corneum?
Horny layer
What is another name for the subcutaneous layer of the skin?
Hypodermis
What part of the skin provides a protective cushion and energy storage for the body?
Subcutaneous layer
What is another name for subcutis tissue?
Adipose tissue
What are the glands that excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body?
Sudoriferous
What cells identify molecules that have foreign peptides, and help to regulate immune response.
T-cells
What causes telangiectasia?
Capillary damage
What causes transepidermal water loss?
Evaporation
What is a common term for UVA radiation?
Aging rays
What is the dermis?
Support layer below the epidermis.
What function do desmosomes perform?
Assist in holding cells together
What are eccrine glands?
Sweat glands
What protein fiber is found in the dermis and gives skin its flexibility and firmness?
Elastin
What hormone stimulates cells to reproduce and heal?
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
What is true of the epidermis?
It is the outermost layer of the skin
What performs the function of stimulation cells , collagen, and amino acids that form proteins?
Fibroblasts
What term do clients commonly use when referring to follicles?
Pores
What comprises about 50 to 70 percent of the skin?
Water
What causes the body to produce its own vitamin D?
Exposure to the sun
What is NOT one of the six primary functions of the skin?
Reflection
What function does the enzyme tyrosinase perform?
Stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin
What is the other type of melanin the body produces, besides eumelanin?
Pheomelanin
How many times thicker that the epidermis is the dermis, approximately?
25
When do free radicals produce more free radicals?
While causing oxidation reactions
What causes skin cells built-in antioxidants to lose their ability to protect cells?
Sun exposure
What is true of sun exposure?
Of all factors , it has the greatest impact on how our skin ages.
What are keratinocytes?
Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins.
Where in the skin are lymph vessels located?
Dermis
What protein determines hair, eye , and skin color?
Melanin
What are melanocytes?
Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer.
What are melanosomes?
Pigment- carrying granules that produce melanin
What is true of the papillary layer of the skin?
It is the top layer of the dermis.
What is true of the reticular layer of the skin?
It is the deepest layer of the dermis
