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History Sec 3 - Unit 2 > Part 3 - New France from 1663 to 1701 > Flashcards

Part 3 - New France from 1663 to 1701 Flashcards

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1
Q

In 1663, what did Louis XIV give his minister marine, Jean Baptiste Colbert the authority to do?

A

Develop the colony

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2
Q

What measures did Jean Baptiste Colbert implement?

A

Measures to increase the population and exploit the territory’s natural resources based on the mother country’s interests

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3
Q

Who was the intendant in New France and what was he supposed to do?

A

Jean Talon and he was suppose to support the colony’s growth

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4
Q

Why was men outnumbering women in the colony an issue?

A

It had a negative effect on the number of births within the colony

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5
Q

From 1663-1673 who came to New France and why?

A

800 Filles du Roi came to find a husband and start a family

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6
Q

Other than the Filles du Roi, what measures did the French take to increase the population of its colony?

A

1) fathers were fined for not having their sons married by 20 and daughters by 16
2) the king gave men under 20 and women under 16 a sum of money on their wedding day
3) a yearly sum of money was given to parents with 10 children or more

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7
Q

Who did the king give a dowry to?

A

Poor catholic women and native catholic women who married French colonists

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8
Q

Who did the king give the right to settle in New France to?

A

Certain prisoners, soldiers and officers

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9
Q

What did the king offer the soldiers from the Carignan-Salières so they would settle in New France? What were higher officers offered?

A

The soldiers were offered a censive and the higher officers were offered a chance to become a seigneur

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10
Q

What type of backgrounds did people living in New France have?

A

They had different social backgrounds, most were of modest origins. Most were farmers, labourers or craftspeople from France

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11
Q

What happened because of the Filles de Roi by the 18th century?

A

The gap between men and women was reduced and by the 18th century there was a balance

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12
Q

What were men doing despite incentives?

A

Getting married later

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13
Q

What was the population growth mainly a result of?

A

Natural increase

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14
Q

What encouraged a high birth rate and a a moderate mortality rate?

A

An abundance of food and water

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15
Q

Who had a higher natural rate of increase France or New France?

A

New France

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16
Q

What was the major industry in New France? What other resources did they have?

A

Fur was the major industry in New France but it had other resources like metal and timber

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17
Q

Why did France want to develop metal and timber instead of fur?

A

To diversify the economy

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18
Q

What did a more prosperous colony mean?

A

A wealthier empire

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19
Q

Why did France put aside its mercantilist policies temporarily?

A

Diversify the economy

20
Q

What did Jean Talon try to do with crops?

A

To diversify it

21
Q

What was hemp used to make?

A

Rope and sails

22
Q

What did Jean Talon send colonists to explore?

A

Iron, copper and coal

23
Q

What type of result did Jean Talon get?

A

Not the desired one

24
Q

What was agriculture surplus like in the 17th century?

A

Agriculture surplus for export were practically non existent

25
Q

What were farmers too busy doing instead of diversifying the economy?

A

Clearing the land and farming crops for their own needs

26
Q

What happed after the mother country stopped buying products at a good price?

A

Production dropped considerably

27
Q

What did Michel Begin encourage?

A

Hemp cultivation and timber exploitation

28
Q

What were the 3 principles of triangular trade?

A

1) ships were never empty; they were always loaded with products that are rare or don’t exist
2) ships leaving New France and the West Indies mostly transported raw materials
3) spots leaving France transported finished products

29
Q

What were the colonists in the St. Lawrence known as?

A

Canadiens

30
Q

What were the colonists from the Maritimes known as?

A

Acadians

31
Q

Why were habitants more independent and less obedient then the French?

A

The vastness of the territory and influence of the Natives contributed to this attitude

32
Q

What led the Canadiens to turn to Native practises?

A

The climate; they taught them how to survive the cold harsh winter

33
Q

What led to the gradual acculturation of Native people?

A

Contact with the Europeans

34
Q

Why did many Natives modify their traditional culture? What new items did they adopt?

A

Because they were influenced by the French. They adopted their tools and weapons

35
Q

Who was able to partake in the fur trade in 1663?

A

Everyone

36
Q

Who came to New France in 1663 when the fur trade was now open and why? What did they get and who did they sell them to?

A

Many courier de bois came because they were seeking fortune and adventure. They got furs from the natives and sold them to merchants

37
Q

What was a consequence of the courier de bois?

A

So many came that there was a danger of overproduction

38
Q

What was a consequence of overproduction created by the courier de bois in 1681?

A

People now had to get licenses to participate in the fur trade

39
Q

What happened despite the license system?

A

Furs were still over exploited

40
Q

What were the French’s motivations to explore new territories?

A

1) merchants wanted to expand the trade network by making contact with indigenous nations
2) the French wanted control over territories before the English could
3) missionaries wanted to convert more indigenous people

41
Q

What 5 new regions were added to New France?

A

Canada, Acadia, Pays en Haut, Illinois and Louisiana

42
Q

Why was the fighting amongst the natives in the Pays d’en Haut an issue for their alliance with the French?

A

It interfered with the fur trade

43
Q

What did the French want to establish?

A

Peace and focus their military efforts against the Iroquois confederacy

44
Q

What did the Iroquois confederacy try to convince the Pays d’en haut to do to the French and why?

A

The Iroquois tried to convince the Pay d’en Haut to break their alliance with the French and take the fur trade away from them

45
Q

What did the French make sure their alliance with the Pays d’en Haut didn’t fall apart?

A

They didn’t want the English to take over the fur trade

46
Q

Why did the Iroquois Confederacy finally agree to participate in general peace?

A

They agreed to peace because they were weakened by many attacks from the French and their native allies.

47
Q

When was Peace achieved between the Iroquois Confederacy and the Pays d’en Haut and what was the document signed called?

A

In 1701, the Great Peace of Montreal was signed

History Sec 3 - Unit 2 (5 decks)

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