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History Sec 3 - Unit 2 > Part 1 - The Colonization of New France in the Early 17th Century > Flashcards

Part 1 - The Colonization of New France in the Early 17th Century Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mercantilism?

A

An economic theory in which the prosperity and power of a nation are based in the accumulation of precious metals

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2
Q

What was mercantilism like in France and New France?

A

New France sent France raw materials (furs). France processed the raw materials (hats) then sold them around Europe. France sent New France manufactured products.

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3
Q

Why did King Henry IV want to establish a settlement colony?

A

To better control and the territory and protect the fur trade

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4
Q

Who did the king grant monopolies to?

A

Individual or chartered companies

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5
Q

What’s a monopoly?

A

The exclusive exploitation of a resource by one merchants or chartered company

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6
Q

What were monopoly holders supposed to do in return?

A

Bring over colonists to develop the colony

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7
Q

What alliance created ideal conditions for permanent European settlement on the St. Lawrence

A

With the Maliseet and the Innu

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8
Q

Why did Samuel de Champlain choose to found Quebec on the St. Lawrence River?

A

1) the narrowness of the river made it easier to monitor ships coming and going
2) the territory was bordered with First Nations which encouraged the fur trade

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9
Q

Who settled in New France after the alliance with the Maliseet in 1603?

A

The first colonists; Louis Hébert, his wife and his three children

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10
Q

What did Louis Hébert live off of?

A

The land

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11
Q

How many more families settled in Quebec 10 years after Louis Hébert?

A

4 families

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12
Q

What resource did the French need from the natives?

A

Fur

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13
Q

Did the French have a lot of people and how well did they know the territory?

A

They were few and unfamiliar with the territory

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14
Q

Who did the French make an alliance with after the Maliseet and the Innu?

A

Huron-Wendat

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15
Q

Who did the French wage war against after allying with the Huron-Wendat?

A

Their enemies, the Iroquoians

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16
Q

Who wanted to convert the Natives to Catholicism?

A

The church

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17
Q

Who were sent to New France to evangelize the Natives?

A

Missionaries (Jesuits and Récollets)

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18
Q

What did some missionaries do to try to convince the Natives to convert?

A

Learn their languages and live in their communities

19
Q

Why did some Natives convert?

A

1) Epidemics; they wanted to go to heaven

2) trade advantages

20
Q

What did Natives have to do if they wanted to convert?

A

Abandon their cultural practises and spirituality

21
Q

How did First Nations communities react to some Natives converting to Catholicism?

A

It increased tension within the communities

22
Q

What did chartered companies fail to do? What were they more focused on?

A

To populate the colony because they were more focused on their own economic gain

23
Q

What did the king do when he realized the merchants and companies weren’t populating the colony? Did this change anything?

A

The king revoked the monopolies and awarded them to other companies or merchants instead, but the situation did not change

24
Q

In what year was the Company of 100 Associates established and by who?

A

In 1627, by Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIII’s chief minister

25
Q

Who was the Company of 100 Associates controlled by?

A

The state

26
Q

How many people invested in the Company of 100 Associates? Which 2 people specifically?

A

100 people invested including Samuel de Champlain and Cardinal Richelieu

27
Q

What was the Company of 100 Associates supposed to do? What did they receive in return?

A

Covert the aboriginals, exploit the natural resources of the colony and settle the colony. In return, the state granted them a monopoly of the fur trade

28
Q

Did the Company of 100 Associates succeed or fail their mission? What was a consequence of this?

A

They failed to populate the colony, so in 1630 engagés were allowed entry

29
Q

What were engagés? What happened after their contract expired?

A

An engagé is a colonist who contractually agrees to work for an employer for wages. After their contract expires, they could settle permanently in the colony

30
Q

In what year did Trois Rivières become a permanent settlement?

A

1634

31
Q

What happened to Trois Rivières in 1634?

A

It became a permanent settlement

32
Q

Why was the Trois Rivières settlement set up?

A

To meet the demands of the fur trade

33
Q

What did Paul Chomedy de Maisonneuve found in 1642?

A

Ville-Marie

34
Q

In what year did Paul Chomedy de Maisonneuve found Ville-Marie?

A

1642

35
Q

Why did the chartered companies neglect settlement?

A

They were more focused on their own economic profit

36
Q

How many colonists were there by 1627? What was the balance of men to women like?

A

100 colonists, mostly men

37
Q

In what year did the Jesuits and Récollets arrive?

A

Jesuits - 1611

Récollets - 1615

38
Q

What did the Jesuits and Récollets want to do? What did they do to accomplish this goal?

A

Evangelize the aboriginals. They decided to live among them, learn their language and culture, build churches and schools

39
Q

What were the results of the Jesuits and Récollets first attempt at evangelizing the Aboriginals? What was a consequence of this?

A

The results were disappointing so missionaries decided to populate the colony by bringing over French Catholics

40
Q

What did the Jesuits and Récollets want to establish and why?

A

They wanted to establish a French society in North America as a model and the possibly civilize aboriginals

41
Q

What did an increasing demand for furs lead to? What was a result of this?

A

Traders went further and further inland to find new sources of fur which led to them discovering new territories. As a result these explorations, the territory that the French claimed greatly increased. They blocked off English colonies by spreading to the interior of the continent

42
Q

What was the difference between the amount if people the French and English had and the size of their territories?

A

French: huge territory, few people
English: many people, little space

43
Q

Who did the Company of 100 Associates lease it’s monopoly to in 1645 and why? What did they get in exchange?

A

It leased its monopoly to the Communauté des Habitants, the majority of whom were investors settled in New France. The Communauté in exchange has to provide the company with an annual quantity of furs, pay for some of the colony’s expenses and settle 20 colonists a year

History Sec 3 - Unit 2 (5 decks)

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