part 3- bio chem Flashcards

1
Q

R=H

A

glycine

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2
Q

R=CH3

A

alanine

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3
Q

R=CH2CH(CH3)2

A

leucine

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4
Q

R=CH2OH

A

serine

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5
Q

R=CH2SH

A

cysteine

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6
Q

R=CH2COOH

A

aspartic acid

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7
Q

R=(CH2)4NH2

A

lysine

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8
Q

zwitterion

A

amino acid is in water it will ionize
NH2 will be NH3+
COOH will be COO-

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9
Q

amino acid has

A

carboxylic acid, one amine, one H, and one R

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10
Q

what is formed when two amino acid molecules are linked by a reaction that results in the loss of a water molecule

A

a peptide

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11
Q

A Peptide bond is an example of a

A

amide

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12
Q

the shape of a peptide bond is

A

flat due to the partial double bonds joining C, O, and N

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13
Q

enzyme that breaks up fat is

A

lipases

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14
Q

primary

A

primary- sequence of amino acid

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15
Q

secondary

A

secondary- primary structure twisted into an a-helix, b- pleated sheet or triple helix held together by hydrogen bond between the peptide bonds along the chain

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16
Q

tertiary

A

tertiary- secondary structure folds into a compact, 3-D shape stabilized by interaction g between R groups (hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction, salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds)

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17
Q

quaternary

A

two or more protein subunits combined to form a biologically active protein

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18
Q

which of the following classes of compounds provide both an energy source and structural material when metabolized

A

proteins

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19
Q

denature

A

heat, acid, base, alcohol, heavy metals, and agitation

20
Q

which vitamin is fat soluble

21
Q

which vitamin is responsible for blood clotting

22
Q

monosaccharides

A

end in ose
3-6 carbon atoms, carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) and several hydroxyl groups

glucose and fructose

23
Q

aldoses

A

are monosaccharides with the aldehyde functional group
aldohexose- C6
aldopentose- C5

24
Q

ketose

A

monosaccharides with ketone functional group

ketohexose- C6

25
mutarotation
interconversion between a and b isomers
26
epimers
monosaccharides that show inversion of configuration at a single chiral carbon
27
what is the name of the mechanisms that converts D-glucose into D-mannose
epimerization
28
glycosidic bond
joining monosacharides | forms disaccharide and water
29
simple lipids
steroids and terpenes | the are not the result of condensation reaction and are not made of from fatty acid
30
complex lipids
triglycerides and phospholipids condensation of fatty acids and alcohol to form ester saturated and unsaturated
31
waxes
ester
32
triglycerides
three esters
33
phospholipids
two esters and two phosphoesters
34
ester functional group result from
condensation of carboxylic acid and alcohol
35
acid hydrolysis of triglyceride | basic hydrolysis of triglyceride
acid- glycerol and fatty acid | basic- hydrolysis and salt of fatty acids (soap)
36
micelle
encapsulate grease with their nonpolar ends and face the outside water environment with their polar ends. soap molecules the structure is called micelle
37
storage of triglyceride
triglycerides with saturated fatty acidy, solid at room temperature triglycerides with unsaturated, oil at room temperature stored in our adipose tissue
38
Glycerol reaction with a fatty acid yields?
lipid
39
a lipid triglyceride is formed by a reaction of
fatty acid and glycerol
40
fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue as
triglycerides
41
a micelle is likely formed from
fatty acids
42
Steroids
- compounds containing the steroid nucleus which is 3 cyclohexane and 1 cyclopentane - Cholesterol is the most abundant steroid in the body - Steroid hormones are derivatives of cholesterol (sex hormones, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone)
43
Terpenes
- made of repeating isoprene unite (2-methyl, 1-3-butene) - steroids are derivatives of the triterpene squalene example= vitamin A
44
How to develop nucleic acid?
condensation/hydrolysis 1) sugar and base is condensed to form a nucleoside (key bond formed is N-glycosidic bond) sugar+base=nucleoside + water 2) nucleoside and phosphate group condense and form a nucleotide (key bond formed is phosphoester) nucleoside+ phosphate= nucleotide + water 3) condense 3-OH- group of the sugar in one nucleotide to the phosphate group on the 5'carbon atom of the next nucleotide nucleotide+nucleotide= dinucleotide+ water
45
double helix formed
A-T- two hydorgens | G-C three hydrogens
46
mRNA
3 base codon