part 3- bio chem

Question 1

R=H

Answer 1

glycine

Question 2

R=CH3

Answer 2

alanine

Question 3

R=CH2CH(CH3)2

Answer 3

leucine

Question 4

R=CH2OH

Answer 4

serine

Question 5

R=CH2SH

Answer 5

cysteine

Question 6

R=CH2COOH

Answer 6

aspartic acid

Question 7

R=(CH2)4NH2

Answer 7

lysine

Question 8

zwitterion

Answer 8

amino acid is in water it will ionize
NH2 will be NH3+
COOH will be COO-

Question 9

amino acid has

Answer 9

carboxylic acid, one amine, one H, and one R

Question 10

what is formed when two amino acid molecules are linked by a reaction that results in the loss of a water molecule

Answer 10

a peptide

Question 11

A Peptide bond is an example of a

Answer 11

amide

Question 12

the shape of a peptide bond is

Answer 12

flat due to the partial double bonds joining C, O, and N

Question 13

enzyme that breaks up fat is

Answer 13

lipases

Question 14

primary

Answer 14

primary- sequence of amino acid

Question 15

secondary

Answer 15

secondary- primary structure twisted into an a-helix, b- pleated sheet or triple helix held together by hydrogen bond between the peptide bonds along the chain

Question 16

tertiary

Answer 16

tertiary- secondary structure folds into a compact, 3-D shape stabilized by interaction g between R groups (hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction, salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds)

Question 17

quaternary

Answer 17

two or more protein subunits combined to form a biologically active protein

Question 18

which of the following classes of compounds provide both an energy source and structural material when metabolized

Answer 18

proteins

Question 19

denature

Answer 19

heat, acid, base, alcohol, heavy metals, and agitation

Question 20

which vitamin is fat soluble

Answer 20

D

Question 21

which vitamin is responsible for blood clotting

Answer 21

K

Question 22

monosaccharides

Answer 22

end in ose
3-6 carbon atoms, carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) and several hydroxyl groups

glucose and fructose

Question 23

aldoses

Answer 23

are monosaccharides with the aldehyde functional group
aldohexose- C6
aldopentose- C5

Question 24

ketose

Answer 24

monosaccharides with ketone functional group

ketohexose- C6

Question 25

mutarotation

Answer 25

interconversion between a and b isomers

Question 26

epimers

Answer 26

monosaccharides that show inversion of configuration at a single chiral carbon

Question 27

what is the name of the mechanisms that converts D-glucose into D-mannose

Answer 27

epimerization

Question 28

glycosidic bond

Answer 28

joining monosacharides | forms disaccharide and water

Question 29

simple lipids

Answer 29

steroids and terpenes | the are not the result of condensation reaction and are not made of from fatty acid

Question 30

complex lipids

Answer 30

triglycerides and phospholipids condensation of fatty acids and alcohol to form ester saturated and unsaturated

Question 31

waxes

Answer 31

ester

Question 32

triglycerides

Answer 32

three esters

Question 33

phospholipids

Answer 33

two esters and two phosphoesters

Question 34

ester functional group result from

Answer 34

condensation of carboxylic acid and alcohol

Question 35

acid hydrolysis of triglyceride | basic hydrolysis of triglyceride

Answer 35

acid- glycerol and fatty acid | basic- hydrolysis and salt of fatty acids (soap)

Question 36

micelle

Answer 36

encapsulate grease with their nonpolar ends and face the outside water environment with their polar ends. soap molecules the structure is called micelle

Question 37

storage of triglyceride

Answer 37

triglycerides with saturated fatty acidy, solid at room temperature triglycerides with unsaturated, oil at room temperature stored in our adipose tissue

Question 38

Glycerol reaction with a fatty acid yields?

Answer 38

lipid

Question 39

a lipid triglyceride is formed by a reaction of

Answer 39

fatty acid and glycerol

Question 40

fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue as

Answer 40

triglycerides

Question 41

a micelle is likely formed from

Answer 41

fatty acids

Question 42

Steroids

Answer 42

- compounds containing the steroid nucleus which is 3 cyclohexane and 1 cyclopentane - Cholesterol is the most abundant steroid in the body - Steroid hormones are derivatives of cholesterol (sex hormones, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone)

Question 43

Terpenes

Answer 43

- made of repeating isoprene unite (2-methyl, 1-3-butene) - steroids are derivatives of the triterpene squalene example= vitamin A

Question 44

How to develop nucleic acid?

Answer 44

condensation/hydrolysis 1) sugar and base is condensed to form a nucleoside (key bond formed is N-glycosidic bond) sugar+base=nucleoside + water 2) nucleoside and phosphate group condense and form a nucleotide (key bond formed is phosphoester) nucleoside+ phosphate= nucleotide + water 3) condense 3-OH- group of the sugar in one nucleotide to the phosphate group on the 5'carbon atom of the next nucleotide nucleotide+nucleotide= dinucleotide+ water

Question 45

double helix formed

Answer 45

A-T- two hydorgens | G-C three hydrogens

Question 46

mRNA

Answer 46

3 base codon