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Dr. Collins Pcat Chem > Part-2 organic chem > Flashcards

Part-2 organic chem Flashcards

organic

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1
Q

carbon sp3

A

tetrahedral
109.5
4 singles

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2
Q

carbon sp2

A

trigonal planar
120
1 double and 2 single

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3
Q

carbon sp

A

linear
180
1 triple and 1 single bond or 2 double bond

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4
Q

oxygen sp3

A

tetrahedral - electron

bent - molecular

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5
Q

oxygen sp2

A

trigonal planar - electron

linear- molecular

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6
Q

nitrogen sp3

A

tetrahedral- electron

pyrimidal- molecular

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7
Q

nitrogen sp2

A

trigonal planar- electron

bent- molecular

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8
Q

nitrogen sp

A

linear- electron

linear - molecular

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9
Q

more symmetrical, less polar will? bp

A

lowering boiling point

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10
Q

melting point

A

may or may not follow this general rule, as a more symmetrical molecule typically packs better, requiring more energy (higher melting point) to melt the solid

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11
Q

bond length

A

length character the shorter the bond,

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12
Q

alkane formula

A

C(n)H(2n+2)

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13
Q

bp in hydrocarbons vs. electronegative

A

hydrocarbons, bp increase with more number of carbon
(molecular weight or molar mass)

electronegative atoms, increase bp when compared to a molecule of similar weight with a less polar group or if hydrogen bonding is possible

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14
Q

organic compounds tend to be

A

combustible

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15
Q

base
acid
nucleophile
electrophile

A

base- proton acceptor
acid- proton donor
nucleophile- electron donor with the formation of a bond lewis base
electrophile- electron acceptor lewis acid

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16
Q

strong acids because

A

cb is

1) charge
2) size, electronegativity
3) resonance
4) inductive

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17
Q

iso propopylnol

isopropylcyclopentane

A

three carbons coming off of the carbons

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18
Q

isobutane

A

ch3 off of the second carbon Ch3(ch3) coming off of chch3

total carbon 4 even with the coming off one

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19
Q

isopentane

A

ch3 (ch3)coming off of the chch2ch3

total carbon 5 even with the coming off one

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20
Q

neopentane

A

ch3( ch3)2 coming off from both sides of cch3

total carbon 5 even with the coming off ones

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21
Q

alkane
alkene
alkyne

A 
alkane= c-c
alkeyne= c=c
alkyne= c (triple bond) c
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22
Q

nitrile

A

R-c (triple bond) n

23
Q

alcohol

A

R-OH

24
Q

amines 1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree

A 
R-NH2
R-NH-R
R-N-R  n with three r coming off of it 
     l
    R
25
Q

ether

A

R-O-R

26
Q

imine

A

R
l
R-C= N- R

carbon with two R groups and a double bonded nitrogen (the nitrogen has one R group)

27
Q

aldehyde

A

R-CHO

carbon with a double bonded O a single bonded R group and a Hydrogen coming off of it.

28
Q

ketone

A

R-CO-R

carbon with two R groups singled bonded and a double bonded oxygen

29
Q

carboxylic acid

A

R-COOH
R- CO2H

carbon with a single bonded R group, double bonded Oxygen and a OH single bonded

30
Q

ester

A

R-CO2-R

carbon with a singled bonded R group, a double bonded O and a singed bonded O which has a single bonded R group coming off of it

31
Q

amides
1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree

A

R-CO-NH2 two hydrogen
R-CO-NH-R one hydrogen
R-CO-N- (two R groups) 0 hydrogen

carbon is doubled bonded to Oxygen

32
Q

N-C
N=C
N(triple bonded to)C

A

amine
imine
nitrile

33
Q 
systematic naming 
functional group naming 
ene
yne
ol
al
one
oic acid
nitrile
A 
ene- double bond
yne- triple bond
ol- alcohol
al- aldehyde
one- ketone
oic acid- carboxylic acid
nitrile- nitrile
34
Q 
if substituents
oh
och3
och2ch3
nh2
CHO
A 
if substituents 
hydroxy
methoxy
ethoxy 
amino
formyl
35
Q

naming alcohols

A

name ends in alcohol (separate)

name begins with the name of the alkyl group that is attached to the OH

36
Q

naming ketones, ethers, amines

A
  • name the alkyl substitute attached to the C=O, O (ether), N (amine)
  • use di-, tri- if alkyl substituents are the same
37
Q

common name
aldehyde, carboxylic acid, and carboxylic acid derivatives

prefixes

A 
1c- form
2c- aceti
3- propion
4- butyr
example 
C=O
formaldehyde
38
Q

1c-

A

1c- form

39
Q

2c-

A

2c- aceti

40
Q

3c

A

3- propion

41
Q

4c-

A

4- butyr

42
Q

how would you synthesize pentanol from pentene?

A

hydration

43
Q

Acid-Catalyzed hydrolysis of an epoxides yields an?

A

trans-diol

44
Q

the anti-markovnikov hydration of a terminal alkyne produces what functional group?

A

aldehyde

45
Q

ochem

oxidation and reduction

A 
oxidation = loss of h2 and gain of O, O2, X2
reduction = gain fo h2, loss of O, O2, X2
46
Q

what is the intermediate formed in the oxidation of 1-butanol to butanoic acid

A

butanal

47
Q

the combustion of gasoline is an example of what type of reaction?

A

oxidation-reduction

48
Q

thiol

A

HS-R

49
Q

condensation of carboxylic acid and thiol

A

thioester and water

50
Q

condensation of carboxylic acid and an amine

A

amide and water

51
Q

can all carboxylic acid derivatives be hydrolyzed back to the carboxylic acid?

A

Yes, under acid, aqueous conditions

52
Q

reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives

A

acid chloride> anhydride>ester>amide>carboxyate

53
Q

convert carboxylic acid to less reactive form

A

use ester and amides

esterification

54
Q

saponification (basic hydrolysis)

A

hydrolysis of an ester yields the salt of the carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

Dr. Collins Pcat Chem (9 decks)

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