Part 3

Question 1

the major underlying cause of CVD is due to

Answer 1

ischemia

Question 2

what is the direct effect of increased SNS stimulation on coronary vascular smooth muscle

Answer 2

thromboxane A2

Question 3

what is most effective at preventing abnormal platelet plugs from blocking the vessel lumen

Answer 3

prostacyclin from endothelium

Question 4

what substance acts as an anticoagulant by enhancing the action of antithrombin III

Answer 4

heparin

Question 5

what is associated with most of the actual tissue damage following a MI

Answer 5

free radial damage

Question 6

what effect does aspirin have on the production of thromboxane A2

Answer 6

blocks production

Question 7

why does hemophilia occur almost exclusively in males

Answer 7

sex-linked on the X chromosome

Question 8

coumarin acts as an anticoagulant through its action on what organ

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

what cardiac muscle cells contract weakly and have fewer fibrils

Answer 9

purkinje fibers

Question 10

what statement concerning intercalated discs is not true

Answer 10

is a major source of stored Ca

Question 11

what best describes the change in membrane permeability for K

Answer 11

decreases at the onset of depolarization, decreases during repolarization

Question 12

if ion channels are closed, an ion will be at its Nernst equilibrium potential

Answer 12

true

Question 13

digitalis binds to and inhibits

Answer 13

Na/K pump

Question 14

a longer relative refractory period in the AV nose and bundle serves what function

Answer 14

protects the ventricles from supraventricular arrhythmias

Question 15

what is the normal range for ejection fraction

Answer 15

50-60

Question 16

typically, what percentage of blood from the atria to ventricle moves passively

Answer 16

70-75%

Question 17

hyperactivity of the SNS may impede what process

Answer 17

collateralization

Question 18

what increases during the first half of ejection

Answer 18

LV volume

Question 19

in an isolated heart lung preparation, an increase in venous return within physiologic limits will cause what response

Answer 19

increase in HR and stroke volume

Question 20

what would create only a diastolic murmur

Answer 20

aortic insufficiency

Question 21

elevation of what is an independent risk factor for CVD

Answer 21

homocysteine

Question 22

thyroxine is a positive inotropic substance

Answer 22

true

Question 23

a right axis deviation of the mean electrical axis may be due to

Answer 23

right bundle branch block

Question 24

the major function of the AV node is

Answer 24

delay the wave of depolarization from entry into the ventricles

Question 25

on an EKG, you notice a prolonged PR interval. nothing else is unusual. what can you conclude

Answer 25

first degree AV block

Question 26

ischemia is associated with what changes on an EKG

Answer 26

inverted T wave

Question 27

damaged myocardial cells are in what abnormal state electrically

Answer 27

depolarized

Question 28

if the QRS in lead I is -10 mv and the QRS in lead AvF is +10 mv, the mean electrical axis is closest to

Answer 28

+135 deg-> lower left quadrant