Part 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Treaty of Portsmouth
Ends the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese war; in Portsmouth, NH; Japan and Russia were at war, Japan wanted land and they get some of what they want but Japan still walks away mad
Munich Conference
Peace in our Time; Takes place in Munich, Germany; involves Germany, Great Britain, France and Italy, agree to surrender the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia; Prime example of appeasement
Postdam Conference
FDR NOT present, Truman, Stalin, Churchill who is later replaced by Richard Atlee; meeting to discuss agreements reached at Yalta; Right before the end of the war; Truman got confirmation that the atomic bomb was successfully tested; Potsdam declaration says that if Japan doesn’t surrender they will face prompt and utter destruction; occurred in Germany; During this conference Truman receives notice about the successful testing of the atomic bomb.
Atlantic Charter
1941; FDR and Churchill; They are developing their war goals; meeting in Newfoundland; 8 major points that come out of this: self determination of all people, equal access to raw materials, economic cooperation, freedom of the seas, collective security and disarmament.
Tehran Conference
1943; FDR, Churchill and Stalin; Plan the war against Germany; figuring out the plans; Post war cooperation in the UN; also where Stalin promises to enter the war against Japan after Germany was defeated; Meeting in Iran
Casablanca Conference
Takes place in French Morocco; FDR and Churchill; Unconditional axis surrender
Moscow Agreement
Meeting in Moscow; Churchill and Stalin; leads to the Cold War; Churchill tells Stalin he can have whatever he wants after the war; Lets Stalin know the US and England is okay with the Soviet controlling part of Eastern Europe; Stalin is mad because it takes away his negotiating power after the war
Yalta Conference
Crimea in Soviet Union; Churchill, FDR and Stalin; agreed to a 4 power occupation of Germany; Founding conference for the UN is scheduled to happen later that year; Reiteration that the Soviet Union will enter the war against Japan and guarantees a representative government in Poland (doesn’t actually happen)
Warsaw Pact
Mutual defense agreement; the opposite to NATO; Bound signatories to support and come to the aid of each other militarily if aggression arises.
Peace in our time
After the conference Churchill goes back with a paper and says “I hold in my hand, peace in our time”; He does this because he thinks he’s finally made Hitler happy; ironically enough WWII breaks out less than a year later
Cold War
The political and economic struggle between the capitalists, democratic western powers and the communist bloc after WWII ; Marked by massive military build ups, intensive economic competition and hostile diplomatic relations
Marshall Plan
US policy to help rebuild Europe after WWII; US gives money to countries if they promise not to be communist
USA Recognition of Russia
1917-1933 the US does not recognize Russia as a legitimate country; in 1933 the Russian economy is the only one that is growing during the Great Depression; so we recognize them for our own good
Ike Eisenhower
pushes the policies of containment, the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
Nikita Khrushchev
Russian leader after Stalin; Relations between US and Russia thawed during the Cold War; He was part of the Cuban missile crisis
Truman Doctrine
policy of Containment; Providing aid to Greece and Turkey
John Foster Dulles
American comes up with the Mutual Defense Pact; Secretary of State under Eisenhower; Said the containment policy was too passive
Liberation
Idea of rolling back communism instead of just containing it
Containment
Truman Doctrine; keeping communism where it is, not letting it spread anymore
Red Scare
ID-McCarthyism during the 1950’s; Americans are terrified that communists will take over; Causes: Russians get the atomic bomb early, China falls to communism, and the Korean war
Massive Retaliation
If you get out of line we will nuke you; Never going to happen; the US was never going to use the atomic bomb on Russia; The threat of the bomb was a big enough deterrent
More Bang for A Buck or More rubble for a ruble
With the atomic bomb you can destroy more for less money; As technology and efficiency progressed, we could make better and more destructive bombs for the same amount of money; same went for Russia
Brinkmanship
John Foster Dulles; he believes that the communists are evil and the capitalists are good; If good and evil fight, evil will back down; if you bring communists to the brink of war, they will back down first; what Kennedy uses in the Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
USSR wants to put missiles in Cuba and the US doesn’t want it to happen because then Russia will be able to attack the US; US creates a blockade around Cuba and keeps Russia out leading them to back down; looks like a huge victory for Kennedy but later it comes out that they both gave in a little bit; the US had to remove our missiles from Turkey
